شیوع قلدری، آسیب عمدی به خود و عوامل مرتبط با آن در دانش آموزان پسر دبیرستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

10.22038/jfmh.2013.759

چکیده

مقدمه: هدف از این مطالعه، برآورد شیوع آسیب‌های عمدی به خود و قلدری و تعیین عوامل مرتبط با آن‌ها در یک نمونه از نوجوانان ایرانی است.
روش‌کار: دراین مطالعه‌ی مقطعی‌تحلیلی در سال 1390 یک نمونه‌ی تصادفی 1064 نفره از دانش‌آموزان پسر دبیرستانی شهر زنجان به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شد. اطلاعات مرتبط با شیوع رفتار قلدری و آسیب‌های عمدی به خود و نیز استعمال دخانیات، وضعیت اقتصادی‌اجتماعی و متغیرهای روانی‌اجتماعی از طریق پرسش‌نامه به دست آمد. از مدل رگرسیون لجستیک دوحالته‌ی تک‌متغیره و چندمتغیره برای ارتباط بین متغیرهای مورد نظر و رفتارهای آسیب عمدی به خود و قلدری استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: از 1064 شرکت‌کننده، 285 نفر (8/26 درصد) و 280 نفر (3/26 درصد) به ترتیب آسیب عمدی به خود و رفتار قلدری را گزارش کردند. نسبت شانس مصرف سیگار برای آسیب عمدی به خود از سایر عوامل خطر بیشتر بود (92/5=OR، فاصله‌ی اطمینان 95%: 79/9-57/3) اما وضعیت اقتصادی‌اجتماعی بیشترین نسبت شانس را برای رفتار قلدری داشت (92/2=OR، فاصله‌ی اطمینان 95%:74/4-80/1). در میان عوامل حمایتی، عزت نفس بالا بر آسیب عمدی به خود (32/0=OR، فاصله‌ی اطمینان 95%: 84/0-12/0) و نظارت والدین بر سیگار کشیدن نوجوان برای قلدری (53/0=OR، فاصله‌ی اطمینان 95%: 75/0-37/0) بیشترین تاثیر حمایتی را داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: شیوع رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز مانند آسیب عمدی به خود و قلدری در بین نوجوانان نگران‌کننده است. تجربه‌ی مصرف سیگار و وضعیت اقتصادی‌اجتماعی به ترتیب بیشترین همبستگی را با رفتارهای آسیب عمدی به خود و قلدری داشتند. داشتن عزت نفس زیاد و نظارت والدین، بیشترین اثر حمایتی را روی این دو رفتار خشونت‌آمیز داشت.

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