مقدمه: مفهوم انعطافناپذیری روان شناختی را نظریه درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) مطرح میکند. پرسشنامه اجتناب و همجوشی- نسخه نوجوانان (AFQ-Y) یکی از ابزارهای سنجش این سازه در نوجوانان است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ساختار عاملی و ویژگیهای روان سنجی نسخه فارسی این مقیاس بود. روش کار: نمونه مورد مطالعه شامل 303 دانشآموزان شهر کاشان بود که به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای در سال ۱۳۹۶ انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده پرسشنامه اجتناب و همجوشی- نسخه نوجوانان(AFQ-Y) و مقیاس تجدید نظر شده اضطراب آشکار کودکان(RCMAS) بود. ساختار عاملی پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش تحلیل عامل اکتشافی و تاییدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین اعتبار همگرا و پایایی بازآزمائی (با فاصله چهار هفته) و همسانی درونی پرسشنامه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحلیلهای آماری با استفاده از SPSS19 و AMOS22 انجام شده است. نتایج: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عامل اکتشافی، حاکی از وجود دو عامل "همجوشی شناختی" و "اجتناب تجربهای" در این پرسشنامه بود. تحلیل عامل تاییدی، الگوی دو عاملی را تایید کرد (RMSEA 90% CI=0.04 - 0.06). همچنین، اعتبار همگرا (r= 0.60, p < 0.001)، ضریب آلفای کرونباخ(α= 0.80) و ضریب پایایی بازآزمایی(r= 0.73) این مقیاس نیز قابل قبول بود. نتیجهگیری: براساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر، AFQ-Y ابزاری مناسب با خصوصیات روان سنجی قابل قبول برای سنجش انعطاف ناپذیری روان شناختی نوجوانان در جامعه ایرانی میباشد.
Hayes SC, Barnes-Holmes D, Wilson KG. Contextual behavioral science: Creating a science more adequate to the challenge of the human condition. J Contextual Behav Sci 2012; 1(s1-2): 1-16.
Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther 2004; 35(4): 639-65.
Twohig MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Introduction. Elsevier; 2012.
Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford; 1999.
Forman EM, Chapman JE, Herbert JD, Goetter EM, Yuen EK, Moitra E. Using session-by-session measurement to compare mechanisms of action for acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy. Behav Ther 2012; 43(2): 341-54.
Hayes SC, Strosahl KD. A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. London: Springer Science and Business Media; 2004.
Luoma JB, Hayes SC. Cognitive defusion. In: Donohue WT, Fisher JE, Hayes SC. (editors). Empirically supported techniques for cognitive behavior therapy: A step by step guide for clinicians. New York: Wiley; 2003.
Hayes SC, Gifford E V. The trouble with language: Experiential avoidance, rules, and the nature of verbal events. Psychol Sci 1997; 8(3):170-3.
Bond FW, Hayes SC, Barnes-Holmes D. Psychological flexibility, ACT, and organizational behavior. J Organ Behav Manage 2006; 26(1-2): 25-54.
Bond FW, Bunce D. The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. J Appl Psychol 2003; 88(6): 1057.
Butler J, Ciarrochi J. Psychological acceptance and quality of life in the elderly. Qual life Res 2007; 16(4): 607-15.
Ciarrochi J, Bilich L, Godsell C. Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in acceptance and commitment therapy. In: Baer RA. (weditor). Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and practice of change. USA: New Harbinger; 2010: 51-76.
Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Mental health promotion as a new goal in public mental health care: A randomized controlled trial of an intervention enhancing psychological flexibility. Am J Public Health 2010; 100(12): 2372.
Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Fox J-P, Schreurs KMG, Spinhoven P. The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2013; 51(3): 142-51.
Bond FW, Bunce D. Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. J Occup Health Psychol 2000; 5(1): 156.
Tull MT, Gratz KL, Salters K, Roemer L. The role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. J Nerv Ment Dis 2004; 192(11): 754-61.
Lillis J, Hayes SC, Bunting K, Masuda A. Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Ann Behav Med 2009;37(1): 58-69.
Ruiz FJ. A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. Int J Psychol Psychol Ther 2010; 10(1): 125-62.
Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther 2011; 42(4): 676-88.
Gifford E V, Kohlenberg BS, Hayes SC, Antonuccio DO, Piasecki MM, Rasmussen-Hall ML, et al. Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation. Behav Ther 2004; 35(4): 689-705.
Vowles KE, McCracken LM, McLeod C, Eccleston C. The chronic pain acceptance questionnaire: confirmatory factor analysis and identification of patient subgroups. Pain 2008; 140(2): 284-91.
Lundgren T, Dahl J, Yardi N, Melin L. Acceptance and commitment therapy and yoga for drug-refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav 2008; 13(1): 102-8.
Halliburton AE, Cooper LD. Applications and adaptations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adolescents. J Context Behav Sci 2015; 4(1): 1-11.
Greco LA, Lambert W, Baer RA. Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychol Assess 2008; 20(2): 93.
Schmalz JE, Murrell AR. Measuring experiential avoidance in adults: The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire. Int J Behav Consult Ther 2010; 6(3): 198.
Fergus TA, Valentiner DP, Gillen MJ, Hiraoka R, Twohig MP, Abramowitz JS, et al. Assessing psychological inflexibility: The psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth in two adult samples. Psychol Assess 2012; 24(2): 402.
Hayes SC, Strosahl K, Wilson KG, Bissett RT, Pistorello J, Toarmino D, et al. Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. Psychol Rec 2004; 54(4): 553-78.
Valdivia-Salas S, Martín-Albo J, Zaldivar P, Lombas AS, Jiménez TI. Spanish validation of the avoidance and fusion questionnaire for youth (AFQ-Y). Assessment 2017; 24(7): 919-31.
Livheim F, Tengström A, Bond FW, Andersson G, Dahl J, Rosendahl I. Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth: A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth. J Context Behav Sci 2016; 5(2): 103-10.
Simon E, Verboon P. Psychological inflexibility and child anxiety. J Child Fam Stud 2016; 25(12): 3565-73.
Comrey AL, Lee HB. A first course in factor analysis. USA: Psychology Press; 2013.
Renshaw TL. Screening for psychological inflexibility: Initial validation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth as a school mental health screener. J Psychoeduc Assess 2017; 35(5): 482-93.
Wisniewski JJ, Genshaft JL, Mulick JA, Coury DL. Test-retest reliability of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. Percept Mot Skills 1987; 65(1): 67-70.
Reynolds CR. Concurrent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1980; 48(6): 774.
Taghavi MR, Alishahi MJ. [Study of validity and reliability of manifest anxiety scale for children]. Journall of psychology 2003; 4(7): 342-57. (Persian)
Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res 1992; 21(2): 230-58.
Tabachnick B, Fidell L. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon; 2007.
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Methodology in the social sciences. New York: Guilford; 2004.
Muris P, Meesters C, Herings A, Jansen M, Vossen C, Kersten P. Inflexible youngsters: Psychological and Psychopathological Correlates of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youths in nonclinical Dutch adolescents. Mindfulness (N Y) 2017; 8(5): 1381-92.
Venta A, Sharp C, Hart J. The relation between anxiety disorder and experiential avoidance in inpatient adolescents. Psychol Assess 2012; 24(1): 240.
Christodoulou A, Michaelides MP, Karekla M. Greek version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth: Psychometric evaluation and gender multigroup invariance in adolescents. J Psychoeduc Assess 2018; 36(8): 844-9.
Sairanen E, Lappalainen P, Hiltunen A. Psychological inflexibility explains distress in parents whose children have chronic conditions. PLoS One 2018; 13(7): e0201155-e0201155.
Papachristou H, Theodorou M, Neophytou K, Panayiotou G. Community sample evidence on the relations among behavioural inhibition system, anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and social anxiety in adolescents. J Context Behav Sci 2018; 8: 36-43.