مجله اصول بهداشت روانی

مجله اصول بهداشت روانی

بررسی سیستماتیک خودکشی در میان زنان حاشیه‌نشین در ایران: اپیدمیولوژی، عوامل خطر و استراتژی پیشگیرانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, MMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/jfmh.2025.88023.324
چکیده
مقدمه: خودکشی در میان زنان حاشیه‌نشین در ایران، به ویژه در مناطق حومه‌نشین و روستایی، یک نگرانی اساسی در حوزه سلامت عمومی است. این زنان با آسیب‌پذیری‌های متقاطع از جمله فقر، خشونت مبتنی بر جنسیت، ازدواج اجباری و دسترسی محدود به خدمات سلامت روان مواجه هستند. خودسوزی به عنوان یک روش شایع، به ویژه در استان‌های غربی گزارش شده است.
روش‌ کار: یک بررسی سیستماتیک با پیروی از دستورالعمل‌های PRISMA انجام شد. جستجوهای جامعی در PubMed، Scopus، Web of Science، Google Scholar، SID و Magiran برای مطالعات منتشر شده بین سال‌های 2000 تا 2024 انجام شد. مطالعات داوری شده با تمرکز بر رفتارهای خودکشی در میان زنان ایرانی در بافت‌های حاشیه‌نشین گنجانده شدند. کیفیت مطالعه با STROBE برای مطالعات مشاهده‌ای و CASP برای مطالعات کیفی ارزیابی شد.
نتایج: چهل مطالعه معیارهای ورود را داشتند. بالاترین میزان خودکشی در استان‌های ایلام، کرمانشاه و خوزستان بود. خودسوزی رایج‌ترین روش، به ویژه در میان زنان زیر ۳۰ سال بود. عوامل خطر کلیدی شامل خشونت خانگی، محرومیت اقتصادی، ازدواج اجباری، بیماری روانی و دسترسی محدود به مراقبت‌های روانپزشکی بود. انگ اجتماعی و هنجارهای فرهنگی، رفتارهای جستجوی کمک را بیشتر مختل می‌کرد. استراتژی‌های پیشگیرانه شناسایی شده شامل برنامه‌های سلامت روان مبتنی بر جامعه، کمپین‌های آموزشی و آگاهی‌بخشی، اصلاحات قانونی و توانمندسازی اجتماعی-اقتصادی است.
نتیجه‌گیری: خودکشی در میان زنان حاشیه‌نشین در ایران ناشی از نابرابری‌های ساختاری است و با عوامل استرس‌زای روانی-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تشدید می‌شود. پیشگیری مؤثر نیازمند رویکردهای یکپارچه‌ای است که به زیرساخت‌های سلامت روان، حمایت قانونی، آموزش جامعه و توانمندسازی اقتصادی می‌پردازند.
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دوره 28، شماره 2
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 75-83