بررسی میزان تفاوت در یادگیری توالی حرکتی ضمنی سالمندان با بیماری آلزایمر و پارکینسون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مربی،گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده‌ی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: اکتساب توالی اطلاعات بدون توجه به امر یادگیری، بیانگر یادگیری ضمنی است. مطالعات تجربی بسیاری یادگیری حرکتی ضمنی را در بیماران دارای بیماری آلزایمر نشان داده­اند، اما نتایج به دست آمده در زمینه بیماران پارکینسون، کامل و جامع نیست.
روش­کار: در این مطالعه توصیفی مقایسه­ای، با نمونه­گیری در دسترس، از میان سالمندان مراجعه­کننده به مطب­های متخصصین مغز و اعصاب شهر زابل در سال 1395، 11 نفر بیمار پارکینسون، 10 بیمار آلزایمر که با تشخیص پزشکان و بر اساس معیار NINCDS_ADRDA انتخاب می‌شدند و10 نفر نیز (4 مرد و 6 زن) به عنوان گروه شاهد انتخاب شدند. سپس آزمون مختصر وضعیت روانی-شناختی (MMSE) و آزمون هوشی بزرگسالان وکسلر برای سنجش میزان هوش و حافظه به کار برده شد. برای بیماران پارکینسون  مقیاس یکپارچه مرحله‌بندی بیماری پارکینسون و مقیاس Hoehn  و  Yahr استفاده گردید.
یافته­ها: نتایج درصد خطا در بیماران پارکینسون با تغییر از بلوک‌های ثابت به بلوک تصادفی افزایش یافت که نشان‌دهنده­ی یادگیری ضمنی است، ولی این گروه از بیماران یادگیری حرکتی ضمنی کمتری را در مقایسه با سایر گروه‌ها در زمان واکنش نشان دادند.
نتیجه­گیری: زمان واکنش و درصد خطاهای ثبت‌شده می‌تواند نشان‌دهنده­ی وجود فرایندهای جداگانه مانند اجزای فضایی و حرکتی در زمینه یادگیری توالی حرکتی باشد که در بیماران مبتلا به آلزایمر و پارکینسون می‌تواند به طور متفاوتی تحت تاثیر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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