Comparison of the analytical capacity of general, verbal, performance intelligence and its subscales and academic achievement between criminal and non-criminal juveniles

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in exceptional psychology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Center, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

3 MA. in general psychology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Addiction is one of the main human problems in the recent years and one of the most complex humanistic phenomena. So, the present study aimed to assess the effect of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral method on behavioral activatoion system and behavioral inhibition system.
 
Materials and Methods: In this research, cases included 30 persons (experimental group: 15, control group: 15) selected among 186 substance abusers who referred to the clinics of Lamard city in 2015-16. The experimental group trained anger management skill through in 12 ninety-minute sessions. The results analyzed by covariance test.
 
Results: The results of single variable covariance analysis indicated that there is significant difference between two groups in brain-behavioral systems (P=0.001) and anger management training can enhance the function of brain-behavioral systems.
 
Conclusion: The results showed that anger management training can enhance function of brain-behavioral systems also it leads to reduced activation system and induced inhibition system.

Keywords

References

1. Kazdin EA. Parent management training. Oxford: Oxford University; 2005.
2. Rincker JL. Academic and intellectual characteristics of adolescent juvenile offenders. J Correct Educ 1990; 41(3): 124-31.
3. Shelley-Tremblay J, O'Brien N, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. Reading disability in adjudicated youth: prevalence rates, current models, traditional and innovative treatments. Aggress Viol Behav 2007; 12(3): 376-92.
4. Mash E, Wolfe D.  Abnormal child psychology: Cengage Learning; 2012: 164-81.
5. Hastings PD, Zahn-Waxler C, Robinson J, Usher B, Bridges D. The development of concern for others in children with behavior problems. Dev Psychol 2000; 36(5): 531-46.
6. Hogan, A. E. Cognitive functioning in children with oppositional defiant disorder and conduct Disorder. In: Quay and Hogan (editors). Handbook of destructive behavior disroder. New York: Plenum; 1999: 317-31.
7. Lynam D, Moffitt T, Stouthamer-Loeber M. Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: Class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control? J Abnorm Psychol 1993; 102(2): 187.
8. Ahadi H, Mohseni N. [Developmental psychology]. Tehran. Pardis; 2002. (Persian)
9. Maniadaki K, Kakouros E. Attention problems and learning disabilities in young offenders in detention in Greece. Psychology 2011; 2(1): 53-9.
10. Moffitt TE. Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: Boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15. Child Dev 1990; 61(3): 893-910.
11. Silberberg NE, Silberberg MC. School achievement and delinquency. Rev Educ Res 1971; 41(1): 17-33.
12. Raygor BR. Mental ability, school achievement, and language arts achievement in the prediction of delinquency. J Educ Res 1970; 64(2): 68-72.
13. Fatthi Aghdam G, Pasangag P. Investigate the relationship between learning disorders with delinquency juvenile in delinquency based in Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center. Journal of behavioral sciences 2010; 200(3): 13953.
14. Katsiyannis A, Archwamety T. Academic remediation/achievement and other factors related to recidivism rates among delinquent youths. Behav Disord 1999; 24(2): 93-101.
15. Hallahan DP, Kauffman JM, Pullen PC. Exceptional learners: An introduction to special education. Pearson Higher; 2011.
16. White JL, Moffitt TE, Silva PA. A prospective study replication of the protective effects of IQ in subjects at high risk for juvenile delinquency. J Cons Clin Psychol 1989; 57(6): 719-24.
17. Hinshaw SR. Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychol Bull 1992; 111(1): 127-55.
18. Karami A. [Children Wechsler intelligence test guide]. Tehran: Psychometrics; 2007. (Persian)
19. Farrington DP, Ullrich S, Salekin RT. Environmental influences on child and adolescent psychopathy. In: Salekin TD, Lynam DR. (editors). Handbook Child And Adolescent Psychopathy. NewYork: Guilford; 2010: 202-30.
20. Loeber R, Green S, Keenan K, Lahey BB. Which boys will fare worse? Early predictors of the onset of conduct disorder in a six year longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34(4): 499-509.
21. Goodman R. The relationship between normal variation in IQ and common childhood psychopathology: A clinical study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 4(3): 187-96.
22. Nagin DS, Farrington DP,  Moffitt TE. Life-course trajectories of different types of offenders. Criminology 1995; 33(1): 111-39.
23. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT. The effects of conduct disorder and attention deficit in middle childhood on offending and scholastic ability at age 13 . J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993; 34(6): 899-916.
24. Chandler M, Moran T. Psychopathy and moral development: A comparative study of delinquent and nondelinquent youth. Dev Psychopathol 1990; 2(3): 227-46.
25. Kandel E, Mednick SA, Kirkegaard-Sorenson L, Hutchings B, Knop J, Rosenberg R, et al. IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988; 56(2): 224-6.
26. Schonfeld IS, Shaffer D, O’Connor P, Portnoy S. Conduct disorder and cognitive functioning: Testing three causal hypotheses. Child Dev 1988; 59(4): 993-1007.
27. Gellert A, Elbro C. Reading disabilities, behaviour problems and delinquency: A review. Scand J Educ Res 1999; 43(2): 131-55.
28. Elliott DS. Delinquency, school attendance and dropout. Soc Problems 1966; 13(3): 307-14.
29. Tarnopol L. Delinquency and minimal brain dysfunction. J Learn Disabil 1970; 3(4): 200-7.
30. Salekin RT, Lochman JE. Child and adolescent psychopathy: The search for protective factors. Crim Justice Behav 2008; 35(2): 159-72.
31. Kelly DH,  Balch RW. Social origins and school failure: A reexamination of Cohen's theory of working-class delinquency. Pacific Sociol Rev 1971; 14(4): 413-30.
32. Wang X, Blomberg TG, Li SD. Comparison of the educational deficiencies of delinquent and nondelinquent students. Eval Rev 2005; 29(4): 291-312.
33. Alm J, Andersson, J. A study of literacy in prisons in Uppsala. Dyslexia1997; 3(4): 245-6.
34. Jensen J, Lindgren M, Meurling AW, Ingvar DH, Levander S. Dyslexia among Swedish prison inmates in relation to neuropsychology and personality. J Inter Neuropsychol Soc 1999; 5(5): 452-61.
35. Meltzer LJ, Levine MD, Karniski W, Palfrey JS, Clarke S. An analysis of the learning styles of adolescent delinquents. J Learn Disabil 1984; 17(10): 600-8.
36. Noori Z. [The effect of dysfunctional family in Ahvaz children tendency to delinquency]. Journal of correction and education 2010; 96: 29-36. (Persian)
37. Ebrahimi Nasab K, Noori E, Molavi H. [The comparison of delinquent adolescents and normal personality traits in Isfahan]. Journal of Isfahan University 2002; 2: 227-40. (Persian)
Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 19, special issue
May and June 2017
Pages 147-153

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics