Prevalence of sleep apnea in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 General physician, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Professor of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Assistant professor of child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Pediatrics, Mashhad, Iran.

5 Child and adolescent psychiatrist, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

10.22038/JFMH.2024.83100.3179

Abstract

Introduction: Regarding the impact of sleep apnea on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) manifestations in children and adolescents, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep apnea and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ADHD.
 
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all children and adolescents with ADHD who were referred to a clinic of child and adolescent psychiatrist and clinic of children and adolescents psychiatry in Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2022-2023. Among them, 20 cases were selected using the convenient sampling method. The parents fulfilled the demographic checklist and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). We measured Body Mass Index (BMI) and evaluated obstructive sleep apnea using ApneaLink device. The data were analyzed using descriptive indexes, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's coefficient, the Chi-square test, and the Pearson coefficient.
 
Results: Finally, 12 patients with a mean age of 9.92 ± 2.23 years participated. The mean BMI was 20.42 ± 3.71. The mean score of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was 74.92. Also, 8 patients experienced different levels of obstructive sleep apnea. Only a significant correlation was seen between sleep disturbances and BMI (P= 0.007). Also, the correlations between obstructive sleep apnea and demographic variables were insignificant (P> 0.05).
 
Conclusion: It seems that sleep apnea and sleep disturbances are prevalent in children and adolescents with ADHD, so the clinical diagnosis of sleep problems plays an important role in treating ADHD symptoms.

Keywords

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Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 26, Issue 6
November and December 2024
Pages 351-355

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