Factor structure and validity of Gomez and colleagues' electronic self-regulation questionnaire among high school students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in psychology, Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

2 Associate professor, Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

3 Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Self-regulation is an essential skill for students affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the factorial structure and validity of Gomez and colleagues' electronic self-regulation questionnaire among high school students.
 
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study consisted of all high school students in Tehran, Iran, in the academic year 2021-2022. To assess concurrent validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability, 100, 350, 250, and 40 students were selected, respectively. They filled the Gomez and colleagues' self-regulation questionnaire and the Magno's academic self-regulation questionnaire. The self-regulation questionnaire underwent a rigorous translation and validation process, ensuring conceptual equivalence. Validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). At the same time, reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and Composite Reliability (CR). Data analyzed using SPSS 22 and LISREL 8, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, EFA, and CFA.
 
Results: Validation of self-regulation questionnaire demonstrated strong content validity (CVR: 64%-87%, CVI: 0.73) and significant concurrent validity with Magno's questionnaire (r= 0.68, P= 0.01). EFA revealed a four-factor structure explaining 61.70% of the variance, confirmed by CFA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)= 0.033). High reliability was evident with Cronbach's alpha (0.84-0.86) and split-half coefficients (0.71, 0.72), supported by AVE (0.521-0.556) and CR (0.902-0.918), indicating robust internal consistency.
 
Conclusion: The Gomez and colleagues' self-regulation questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring self-regulation among high school students.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Sanjari S, Soleimani MRM. Validation of the Persian version of the Engagement in E-Learning Scale in students of the school of nursing and midwifery in Iran. Middle East journal of rehabilitation and health studies 2023; 10(3): e134881.
  2. Raghunathan RS, Musci RJ, Voegtline KM, Chambers Thomas T, Johnson SB. Children's attention and self-regulatory behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43(4): e263-8.
  3. Cheng TL, Conca-Cheng AM. The pandemics of racism and COVID-19: Danger and opportunity. Pediatrics 2020; 146(5): e2020024836.
  4. Torabi B, Amirfakhrae A, Rezaei Gazaki P, Mohammadi Soleimani MR. [Investigation of factor structure and validation of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale in working children in the corona crisis: A descriptive study]. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 2022; 21(2): 149-64. (Persian)
  5. Hosseini Nasab A, Sanjari S, Mohammadi Soleimani MR, Alidousti K. Assessing stress, anxiety, and depression in women with menstrual disorders caused by COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of medicine and public health 2023; 4(1): 1058.
  6. Sajadi Monazah H, Mohammadi Soliemani MR, Jahan F. Investigating the factor structure and validation of the multidimensional scale of acceptance of collective violence among teenagers: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2024; 18(2): e137999. 
  7. Tavan A, Solimani Fard Z. [Investigating the effectiveness of teaching spiritual intelligence based on Islamic education teachings on the afterlife and religious orientation of students]. Applied issues in quarterly journal of Islamic education 2022; 7(2): 33-48. (Persian)
  8. Yas Salari Pashghi F, Sanjari S, AmirFakhraei A. [Presenting a conceptual model of Islamic strategies for coping with coronavirus stress: A fundamental theory]. Iranian journal of culture and health promotion 2023; 6(4): 688-93. (Persian)
  9. Wesarg-Menzel C, Ebbes R, Hensums M, Wagemaker E, Zaharieva MS, Staaks JPC, et al. Development and socialization of self-regulation from infancy to adolescence: A meta-review differentiating between self-regulatory abilities, goals, and motivation. Dev Rev 2023; 69: 101090.
  10. Tresnadiani D, Taufik A. The development and validation of Short Self-Regulation Scale (SSR) on Indonesian college students. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar of Public Health and Education, ISPHE 2020, 22 July 2020, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.
  11. Wolff M, Enge S, Kräplin A, Krönke KM, Bühringer G, Smolka MN, et al. Chronic stress, executive functioning, and real-life self-control: An experience sampling study. J Pers 2021; 89(3): 402-21.
  12. Wang Q, Liu H, Ren Z, Xiong W, He M, Li N, et al. The associations of family functioning, general well-being, and exercise with mental health among end-stage renal disease patients. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17(4): 356-65.
  13. Suyanto S, Kandel S, Kemal RA, Arfianti A. The quality of life of coronavirus disease survivors living in rural and urban area of Riau Province, Indonesia. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14(1): 33-42.
  14. Chachula KM, Ahmad N. Professional quality of life, stress, and trauma in nursing students: Before and during the novel coronavirus pandemic.  Psychol Trauma 2022; 14(8): 1333-7.
  15. Saniasiaya J, Prepageran N. Impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review. J Laryngol Otol 2021; 135(11): 947-52.
  16. Panahi Far S, Maheri Nooryani Z, Ghanbari Z, Sanjari S. [The relationship between self-esteem, resilience and differentiation with covid-19 anxiety in hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study]. Journal of critical care nursing 2022; 15(1): 63-72. (Persian)
  17. Durand-Bush N, Baker J, van den Berg F, Richard V, Bloom GA. The Gold Medal Profile for Sport Psychology (GMP-SP). J Appl Sport Psychol 2023; 35(4): 547-70.
  18. Montroy JJ, Bowles RP, Skibbe LE, McClelland MM, Morrison FJ. The development of self-regulation across early childhood. Dev Psychol 2016; 52(11): 1744-62.
  19. Rodriguez JE, Holmes HL, Alquist JL, Uziel L, Stinnett AJ. Self-controlled responses to COVID-19: Self-control and uncertainty predict responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2023; 42(9): 7321-35.
  20. Cannavan PMS, Cannavan FPS, Oliveira HC, Walfridsson U, Lopes M. A Brazilian Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the arrhythmia-specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scale. PLoS One 2021; 16(8): e0256851.
  21. Hamed Y, Hossein P, Mohsen Dehghani G, Mohammadreza Mohammadi S. [Validation of the HSE assessment tools in the Kerman Province Steel Industry Complex: A case study]. Scientific journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 2023; 20(4): 423-34. (Persian)
  22. Gomes M, Monteiro V, Mata L, Peixoto F, Santos N, Sanches C. [The Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire: A study with Portuguese elementary school children]. Psicol Reflex Crit 2019; 32(1): 1-9. (Portuguese)
  23. Yeganeh H, Parvaresh H, dehghani M, Mohammidi Soleimani MR. [Construction and standardization of performance evaluation test of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial sector contractors]. Journal of health management 2022; 12(3): 73-86. (Persian)
  24. Sanjari S, Mohammadi Soleimani MR. Validation of the knowledge sharing behavior scale among nursing and midwifery faculty members in Iran: Psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation. Middle East journal of rehabilitation health studies 2024; 11(1): e134886.
  25. Martin CR. Minimum sample size Requirements for a validation study of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R). J Nurs Pract 2017; 1(1): 25-30.
  26. White M. Sample size in quantitative instrument validation studies: A systematic review of articles published in Scopus, 2021. Heliyon 2022; 8(12): e12223.
  27. Gunawan J, Marzilli C, Aungsuroch Y. Establishing appropriate sample size for developing and validating a questionnaire in nursing research. Belitung Nurs J 2021; 7(5): 356-60.
  28. Lee WL, Chinna K, Lim Abdullah K, Zainal Abidin I. The forward-backward and dual-panel translation methods are comparable in producing semantic equivalent versions of a heart quality of life questionnaire. Int J Nurs Pract 2019; 25(1): e12715.
  29. Barani H, Mohammadi Soleimani MR, Amirfakhraei A, Wahab Samavi SA. Transcultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the online learning self-efficacy scale among high school seniors in Bandar Abbas City. Interdiscip J VirtualLearn Med Sci 2024; 15(1): 62-75.
  30. Magno C. Validating the Academic Self-Regulated Learning Scale with the Motivated Strategies For Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI). Int J Educ Psychol Assess 2011; 7(2): 1-18.
  31. Mohammadipour M, Delavar A, Ahadi H, Dortaj F, Asadzadeh H. [Psychometric indices of academic self-regulation learning scale]. Research in clinical psychology and counseling 2017; 6(2): 79-95. (Persian)
  32. Salari Chineh P, Tavan A, Soltani Nezhad N, Manzari Tavakoli V. [A model of professional ethics education for the student-teachers at Teacher Training University: A qualitative study]. Journal of higher education curriculum studies 2023; 14: 143-69. (Persian)
  33. Sanjari S, Fakhraei AA, Soleimani MRM, Alidousti K. Validation of the slade fear of childbirth scale for pregnancy in a sample of Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Crescent journal of medical and biological sciences 2022; 9(3): 138-46.
  34. Sanjari S, Kamali A, AmirFakhraei A, Mohammadi Soleimani MR, Karimi Afshar E. Construction and validation of a self-report violence scale in Iranian women. Journal of fundamentals of mental health 2021; 23(3): 181-9.
  35. Heidari A, Babaei Nezhad A. [Evaluation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and social intelligence with employees' job performance (Case study: General Department of Social Security of Kerman province)]. Political sociology of Iran 2022; 4(4): 4974-90. (Persian)
  36. Sanjari S, Mohammadi Soliemani M, Keramat A. Development and validation of an electronic scale for sexual violence experiences in Iranian women. Crescent journal of medical and biological sciences 2023; 10(1): 27-35.
  37. Farahani H, Roshan Chesli R. [Essentials for developing and validating psychological scales: Guide to best practices]. Clinical psychology and personality 2020; 17(2): 197-212. (Persian)
  38. Gordeeva TO, Sychev OA, Lynch MF. The construct validity of the Russian version of the Modified Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A) among elementary and middle school children. Psychol Russ 2020; 13(3): 2-23.
  39. Sousa SP, Silva R. Validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of Mathematics Academic Motivation Scale (MATAMS) among third cycle of basic school students. Mathematics 2021; 9(17): 2049.
  40. Mata L, Monteiro V, Peixoto F, Santos NN, Sanches C, Gomes M. Emotional profiles regarding maths among primary school children – A two-year longitudinal study. European journal of psychology of education 2022; 37(2): 391-415.
  41. Nu’Man M, Retnawati H, Sugiman S, Jailani J. Measuring self-regulated learning in the STEM framework: A confirmatory factor analysis. European journal of educational research 2021; 10(4): 2067-77.
  42. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 1991; 50(2): 248-87.
  43. Panadero E. A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 422.
  44. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol 2000; 55(1): 68-78.
Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 26, Issue 4
July and August 2024
Pages 223-233

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics