Prediction of psychological well-being based on fundamental values and self-transcendence: The mediating role of the attitude to time

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in educational psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Science, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Science, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

10.22038/JFMH.2023.56393.2893

Abstract

Introduction: This research aimed to predict psychological well-being based on fundamental values and self-transcendence by meditating on the attitude to time.
 
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlation study, 372 students of Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamadan-Iran in the 2018-2019 academic year were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments included scales of satisfaction with life, attitude to time, self-transcendence, and fundamental values. We analyzed the data aiding structural equation modeling, SPSS-25, and LISREL software.
 
Results: The findings presented that the proposed model fits the data well (GFI= 0.92, IFI= 0.93, CFI= 0.93). Also, the effect of self-transcendence and fundamental values on past positive, present positive, and future positive, and the effect of past positive, present positive, and future positive on life satisfaction are significant (P< 0.05). In addition, the past positive (Z= 2.92, P< 0.01), present positive (Z= 8.44, P< 0.01), and future positive variables (Z= 5.73, P< 0.01) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-transcendence and life satisfaction. Also, past positive (Z= 3.04, P< 0.01), present positive (Z= 8.75, P< 0.01), and future positive (Z= 6.18, P< 0.01) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between fundamental values and life satisfaction.
 
Conclusion: The results show that when people act based on fundamental values in life, their personal boundaries in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, transpersonal, and temporal domains expand and go beyond their level. This makes their attitude to the past, present, and future more positive; their life satisfaction and psychological well-being increase.

Keywords

References

  1. Charry C, Goig R, Martínez I. Psychological well-being and youth autonomy: Comparative analysis of Spain and Colombia. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 564232.
  2. Ryff CD. Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: five venues for new science. J Bus Ventur 2019; 34: 646-63.
  3. Brim OG, Ryff CD, Kessler RC. How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2019.
  4. Bojanowska A, Piotrowski Values and psychological well-being among adolescents–are some values ‘healthier’than others? Eur J Dev Psychol 2019; 16: 402-16.
  5. Scaffidi Abbate C, Miceli Psychological well-being among adolescents and youth. Healthcare 2022; 10: 2059.
  6. Dhanabhakyam M, Sarath M. Psychological wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International journal of advanced research in science, communication and technology 2023; 3(1): 603-7.
  7. Oyserman D. Psychology of values. In: Wright JD. International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2015: 36-40.
  8. Brown KW, Kasser T. Are psychological and ecological well-being compatible? The role of values, mindfulness, and life style. Soc Indic Res 2005; 74: 349-68.
  9. Ciarrochi L, Fisher D, Lane L. The link between value motives, value success, and well-being among people diagnosed with cancer. Psychooncology 2011; 20(11): 1184-92. 
  10. Jason LA, Reichler A, King C, Derryk M, Camacho J, Marchese The measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort. J Community Psychol 2001; 29: 585-98.
  11. Worth P, Smith MD. Clearing the pathways to self-transcendence. Front Psychol 2021; 12: 648381.
  12. Barton C, Hart R. The experience of self-transcendence in social activists. Behav Sci 2023; 13: 66.
  13. Runquist JJ, Reed PG. Self-transcendence and well-being in homeless adults. J Holist Nurs 2007; 25: 1-13.
  14. Sharpnack PA, Benders AM, Fitzpatrick JJ. Self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in the Amish. J Holist Nurs 2011; 29: 91-7.
  15. Haugan G, Rannestad T, Hammervold R, Garasen H, Espnes GA. The relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients. Int J Older People Nurs 2014; 9(1): 65-78.
  16. Farren AT. Power, uncertainty, self-transcendence, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Nurs Sci Q 2010; 23: 63-71.
  17. Froiland JM, Worrell FC, Olenchak FR, Kowalski MJ. Positive and negative attitude to times, intrinsic motivation, behavioral engagement and substance use among urban adolescents. Addict Res Theory 2020. DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2020.1857740
  18. Leite A, Rami Res A, Moura A, Souto T, Marôco J. Psychological well-being and health perception: Predictors for past, present and future. Arch Clin Psychiatry 2019; 46(3): 53-60.
  19. Muqodas I, Kartadinata S, Nurihsan J, Dahlan T, Yusuf S, Imaddudin A. Psychological well-being: A preliminary study of guidance and counseling services development of pre-service teachers in Indonesia.
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Psychology and Pedagogy - "Diversity in Education" (ICEPP 2019). Advances in social science, education and humanities research 2020; 399: 56-60.
  20. Toda HY, Yamamoto T. Statistical inference in vector auto regressions with possibly integrated processes. J Econom 1995; 66(1-2): 225-50.
  21. Hooman H. [Structural equation modeling using LISREL software]. Tehran: Samat; 2005. (Persian)
  22. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford; 2015: 3.
  23. Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, Smith HE. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychol Bull 1999; 125: 276-302.
  24. Bayani AA, Koocheky AM, Goodarzi H. [The reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale]. Journal of Iranian psychologists 2007; 3: 259-65. (Persian)
  25. Mello ZR, Worrell FC. The adolescent time inventory: Preliminary technical manual. Berkeley: Colorado Springs Co.; 2010.
  26. Rashid Kh, Alizadeh G, Moradi A. [Investigating the relationship between happiness and psychological well-being with attitude to time in students of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan]. Clinical psychology and personality 2017; 15(2): 179-88. (Persian)
  27. Levenson M, Jenninges PA, Aldwin CM, Shiraishi RW. Self-transcendence: Conceptualization and measurement. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2005; 60(2): 127-43.
  28. Kordnoghabi R. [Psychology of wisdom]. Tehran: Arjmand; 2019. (Persian)
  29. Jason LA, Reichler A, King C, Derryk M, Camacho J, Marchese W. The measurement of wisdom: A preliminary effort. J Community Psychol 2001; 29: 585-98.
  30. Kordnoghabi R, Jahan F, Rashid Kh, Rezaei A. [Measuring wisdom in Iran (introduction and validation of three instruments)]. Educational measurement 2015; 6: 187-212. (Persian)
  31. Benson PL, Scales PC, Hamilton S, Sesma J. Positive youth development so far: Core hypotheses and their implications for policy and practice. Search Institute Insights and Evidence 2006; 3: 1-13.
  32. Jackson C. A study of the relationship between the developmental assets framework and the academic success of at-risk elementary to middle school transitioning students. Texas, Dallas: Dallas Baptist University; 2010.
  33. Ardelt M. Wisdom and well-being. In: Sternberg RJ, Glück J. (editors). The Cambridge handbook of wisdom; 2019: 602-25.
  34. Gubler DA, Makowski LM, Troche SJ, Schlegel K. Loneliness and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic: Associations with personality and emotion regulation. J Happiness Stud 2021; 22(5): 2323-42.
  35. DaneshPayeh M, Dortaj F, Mazosaz A. [Explaining the psychological well-being model based on wisdom with the mediation of loneliness in women]. Social psychological studies of women 2022; 20(3): 84-109. (Persian)
  36. Houshmand Kong Sofla A, Moinizadeh M, Tabatabaei MS. [Predicting psychological well-being by examining the role of forgiveness and gratitude]. Researches in clinical and counseling psychology 2020; 10(1): 5-19. (Persian)
  37. Sadoughi M, Hesampour F. [Prediction of psychological well-being in the elderly by assessing their spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support]. Iranian journal of ageing 2020; 15(2): 144-59. (Persian)
  38. Parchami Khoram M, Imani S, Ansari D. [Predicting psychological well-being based on basic psychological needs: The mediating role of social networks addiction]. Journal of research in behavioral sciences 2022; 20(2): 317-28. (Persian)
  39. Sharifi Z, Moltafet G. The prediction of psychological well-being based on gratitude, social support and self-esteem. International journal of behavioral sciences 2021; 15(2): 127-32.
  40. Harding T, Lopez V, Klainin-Yobas P. Predictors of psychological well-being among higher education students. Psychology 2019; 10: 578-94.
  41. Ataei M, Farhadi M, Rashid K. Developing a structural model for explaining psychological well-being based on ego strength and negative dimensions of attitude to time. Journal of fundamentals of mental health 2021; 23(3): 191-9.
  42. Rashid Kh, Alizade G, Moradi A. [Relationship between happiness, psychological well-being and attitude to time]. Biannual journal of clinical psychology and personality 2018; 15(2): 179-88. (Persian)
Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 26, Issue 2
March and April 2024
Pages 96-105

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics