Fundamentals of Mental Health

Fundamentals of Mental Health

The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to psychological flexibility, and perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ghazaleh Garivani 1
Mona AzarBooyeh 2
Elham Taheri 3
1 MS.c. in clinical psychology, Neishabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neishabour, Iran
2 MS.c. in clinical psychology for children and adolescents, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assistasnt professor of clinical psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.22038/jfmh.2020.17597
Abstract
Introduction:  Regarding the prevalence of tic disorders in children and their psychological burden, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to psychological flexibility and perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study included mothers of children with tic disorder who referred to Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital and Astan-e-Mehr Counseling Center in Mashhad city in 2019-2020. Amongst them, 30 mothers were selected through the convenient method of sampling. Then they divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Both groups completed Hills Perfectionism Questionnaire and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Results:Commitment and acceptance-based therapy has a significant effect on increasing psychological flexibility (P=0.001), and reducing perfectionism (P=0.000).
Conclusion: It seems that commitment and acceptance-based therapy is an effective method to improve psychological flexibility, and reducing perfectionism in mothers of children with tic disorders.
Keywords
Acceptance
Commitment
Perfectionism
Psychological flexibility
Tic disorders
  1. Yang C, Yang Y, Yu D, Xu Q, Zhang L. Relationships between prenatal risk factors and tic disorders: A matched case control study. International journal of medical frontiers 2017; 1(1): 2.

2. Ganos C, Martino D,  Pringsheim T. Tics in the pediatric population: Pragmatic management. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4(2): 160-72.

3. Black KJ, Black ER, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL. Provisional tic disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing. F1000Res 2016; 5: 696.

4. Yadegar M, Guo S, Ricketts EJ, Zinner SH. Assessment and management of tic disorders in pediatric primary care settings. Curr Dev Disord Rep 2019; 6: 159-72.

  1. Chandradasa M, Hettiarachchi, D, Rohanachandra Y, Wijetunge S. A one year follow up study of persistent motor tic disorder treated with risperidone in a children’s hospital in Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka journal of child health 2017;46(2):133-8.
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  3. Gloor FT, Walitza S. Tic disorders and Tourette syndrome: current concepts of etiology and treatment in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics 2016; 47: 84-96.
  4. Ganos C, Münchau A, Bhatia K. The semiology of tics, Tourette's and their associations. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014; 1: 145-53. 

9. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.

  1. Zilhao NR, Olthof MC, Smit DJ, Cath DC, Ligthart L, Mathews CA, et al. Heritability of tic disorders: A twin-family study. Psychol Med 2017; 47(6): 85-96.
  2. Knight T, Steeves T, Day L, Lowerison M, Jette N, Pringsheim T. Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol 2012; 47: 77-90.
  3. O'Connor C. [Cognitive-behavioral therapy for tic disorders]. Danesh E, Saliminia A. (translators). Tehran: Arjmand. (Persian)
  4. Sherry SB, Gautreau CM, Mushquash AR, Sherry DL, Allen SL. Self-critical perfectionism confers vulnerability to depression after controlling for neuroticism: A longitudinal study of middle-aged, community-dwelling women. Pers Individ Dif 2014; 69: 1-4.
  5. Smith MM, Sherry SB, Rnic K, Saklofske DH, Enns M, Gralnick T. Are perfectionism dimensions vulnerability factors for depressive symptoms after controlling for neuroticism? A meta-analysis of 10 longitudinal studies. Eur J Pers 2016; 30(2): 201-12.
  6. Azadeh SM, Kazemi-Zahrani H, Besharat MA. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8(3): 131-8.
  7. Dindo L, Van Liew JR, Arch JJ. Acceptance and commitment therapy: a transdiagnostic behavioral intervention for mental health and medical conditions. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14(3): 546-53.
  8. Hayes SC, Smith S. [Only at this moment: ACT self-study step by step acceptance and commitment-based therapy]. Rabbani M. (translator). Tehran: Jangal; 2019. (Persian)
  9. Pielech M, Vowles K, Wicksell R. Acceptance and commitment therapy for pediatric chronic pain: Theory and application. Children (Basel) 2017; 4(2): 10.
  10. Hill RW, Huelsman TJ, Furr RM, Kibler J, Vicente BB, Kennedy C. A new measure of perfectionism: The perfectionism inventory. J Pers Assess 2004; 82(1): 80-89.
  11. Samaei S, Hooman H, Tavakoli M, Bagherian F. An investigation of psychometric properties of perfectionism inventory in Iranian sample. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2015; 205: 556-63.
  12. Moghtadayi M, Khosh Akhlagh H. [Effectiveness of acceptance- and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility of veterans’ spouses]. Iranian journal of war and public health 2015; 7(4): 183-8. (Persian)
  13. Zare Bidaki Z, Jahangiri MM. [Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility among mothers with autistic children]. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences 2019; 21(7): 39-47. (Persian)
  14. Gharaee-Ardakani Sh, Azadfallah P, Eydi-Baygi M, Zafarizade A, Tork M. Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the acceptance of pain and psychological inflexibility among women with chronic headache. Journal of research in health 2017; 7(2): 729-35.
  15. Taghvainzadeh M, Akbari B, Hossein Khanzadeh A, Meshkbid Haghighi M. [Acceptance and commitment therapy on perfectionism and emotion regulation in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]. Journal of disability studies 2020; 10: 29. (Persian)
  16. Mardani Garmdareh M, Ghazanfari A, Ahmadi R, Sharifi T. [Effectiveness of ACT on the psychological flexibility and perfectionism in second high school female students with exam anxiety]. Medical journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2020; 63(2): 62-73. (Persian)
Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 22, Issue 6
November and December 2021
Pages 349-355