Surveying children's anxiety in the waiting room of surgery after watching the puppet show and animation

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Departement of nursing, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord,Iran

2 Department of medical emergency, Faculty of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Department of nursing, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Negative results of anxiety in the process of surgery and recovery of children undergoing surgery require the use of non-prescriptive methods. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure children's anxiety in the surgical ward after the puppet show and watching animation.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 90 children aged 3-6 years undergoing tonsillectomy surgery at Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2015. The children, along with their parents, watched 15 minutes of animation and puppet shows. Research instrument included demographic form and Yale Anxiety questionnaire. Data analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical tests through SPSS software version 16.
Results: Based in the findings, children's anxiety reduced significantly after intervention (p < /em>= 0.02). Also, children who watched puppet show had lower scores in anxiety test compared than animation group (p < /em><0.001). Comparing anxiety before and after the intervention did not show a significant difference between the two genders.
Conclusion: According to the results, visual deviant techniques can have an effective role in reducing children's anxiety before surgery.

Keywords


1. Fortier MA, Del Rosario AM, Martin SR, Kain ZN. Perioperative anxiety in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2010;
20(4): 318-22.
2. Wennström B, Tornhage CJ, Nasic S, Hedelin H, Bergh I. The perioperative dialogue reduces postoperative
stress in children undergoing day surgery as confirmed by salivary cortisol. Paediatr Anaesth 2011; 21(10): 1058-
65.
3. Fortier MA, Blount RL, Wang SM, Mayes LC, Kain ZN. Analysing a family-centred preoperative intervention
programme: a dismantling approach. Br J Anaesth 2010; 106(5): 713-8.
4. Chieng YJS, Chan WCS, Klainin-Yobas P, He HG. Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in children and
adolescents undergoing elective surgical procedures: a quantitative systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70(2):
243-55.
5. Chow CH, Van Lieshout RJ, Schmidt LA, Dobson KG, Buckley N. Systematic review: Audiovisual
interventions for reducing preoperative anxiety in children undergoing elective surgery. J Pediatr Psychol 2016;
41(2): 182-203.
6. Reyhani T, Dehghan Z, Shojaeian R, Asghari Nekah SM, Behnam Vashani HR. [The influence of the puppet
Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety among hospitalized children with appendicitis in Dr Shaikh hospital of
Mashhad]. Evidence based care 2014; 4(11): 77-86. (Persian)
7. Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley GA. When are parents helpful? A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of
parental presence for pediatric anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 2010; 57(8): 751-8.
8. Vagnoli L, Caprilli S, Messeri A. Parental presence, clowns or sedative premedication to treat preoperative
anxiety in children: what could be the most promising option? Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20(10): 937-43.
9. Mifflin KA, Hackmann T, Chorney JM. Streamed video clips to reduce anxiety in children during inhaled
induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2012; 115(5): 1162-7.
10. Adams HA. A perioperative education program for pediatric patients and their parents. AORN J 2011; 93(4):
472-81.
11. Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley GA, Buffett-Jerrott SE. Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate
preoperative anxiety in children. A critical review. Behav Modif 2007; 31(1): 52-79.
12. Litman RS. Allaying anxiety in children: when a funny thing happens on the way to the operating room.
Anesthesiology 2011; 115(1): 4-5.
13. Sjoberg C, Amhliden H, Nygren JM, Arvidsson S, Svedberg P. The perspective of children on factors
influencing their participation in perioperative care. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24(19-20): 2945-53.
14. He HG, Zhu L, Chan SWC, Liam JLW, Li HCW, Ko SS, Wang W. Therapeutic play intervention on children's
preoperative anxiety, negative emotional manifestation and postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial. J
Adv Nurs 2015; 71(5): 1032-43.
15. Salmela M, Salantera S, Aronen ET. Coping with hospital-related fears: experiences of pre-school aged
children. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66(6): 1222-31.
16. Gao XL, Liu Y, Tian S, Zhang DQ, Wu QP. Effect of interesting games on relief of preoperative anxiety in
preschool children. Int J Nurs Sci 2014; 1(1): 89-92.
17. Hosseinpour M, Memarzadeh M. Use of a preoperative playroom to prepare children for surgery. Euro J Ped
Surg 2010; 20)6): 408-11.
18. Weber F. The influence of playful activities on children’s anxiety during the preoperative period at the
outpatient surgical center. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2010; 86(3): 209-14.
19. Khanjari S, Mola F, Davachi A, Haghani H. [Effect of play on anxiety of hospitalized children]. Iran journal
of nursing 2001; 14(28): 31-38. (Persian)
20. Fincher W, Shaw J, Ramelet AS. The effectiveness of a standardized preoperative preparation in reducing
child and parent anxiety: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21(7-8): 946-55.
PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY IN CHILDREN ROSHANZADEH, TAJABADI, AND MOHAMMADI
Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2020 Sep-Oct http://jfmh.mums.ac.ir 291
21. Lee J, Lee J, Lim H, Son JS, Lee JR, Kim DC, et al. Animation distraction alleviates anxiety in children during
induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2012; 115(5): 1168-73.
22. Memarzadeh M, Hosseinpour M, Aflakian H. Evaluation of playing room on preoperative anxiety of 2-6 years
old children in Al-Zahra hospital. Iranian journal of surgery 2006; 14(4): 1-6. (Persian)
23. Mjzoby M, Amany R, Majzoby F. Effects of psychological preparation on reduction of surgery anxiety signs
in children. Koomesh 2013; 48(4): 466-73. (Persian)
24. Nguyen TN, Nilsson S, Hellstrom AL, Bengtson A. Music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in children with
cancer undergoing lumbar puncture: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2010; 27(3): 146-55.
25. Hartling L, Newton AS, Liang Y, Jou H, Hewson K, Klassen TP, Curtis S. Music to reduce pain and distress
in the pediatric emergency department: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2013; 167(9): 826-35.
26. Klassen JA, Liang Y, Tjosvold L, Klassen TP, Hartling L. Music for pain and anxiety in children undergoing
medical procedures: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ambul Pediatr 2008; 8(2): 117-28.
27. Kain ZN, Mayes L, Cicchetti DV, Caramico LA, Sieker M, Nygren MM, et al. Measurement tool for
preoperative anxiety in young children: the Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Child Neuropsychol 1995; 1(3):
203-10.
28. Proczkowska-Bjorklund M, Gimbler Berglund I, Ericsson E. Reliability and validity of the Swedish version
of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56(4): 491-7.
29. Kain ZN1, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, Bagnall AL, Finley JD, Hofstadter MB. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety
Scale: how does it compare with a gold standard? Anesth Analg 1997; 85(4): 783-8.
30. Yun OB, Kim SJ, Jung D. Effects of a clown-nurse educational intervention on the reduction of postoperative
anxiety and pain among preschool children and their accompanying parents in South Korea. J Pediatr Nurs 2015;
30(6): e89-99.
31. Vagnoli L1, Caprilli S, Robiglio A, Messeri A. Clown doctors as a treatment for preoperative anxiety in
children: a randomized, prospective study. Pediatrics 2005; 116(4): e563-7.
32. Ghabeli F, Moheb N, Hosseini Nasab SD. Effect of toys and preoperative visit on reducing children's anxiety
and their parents before surgery and satisfaction with the treatment process. J Caring Sci 2014; 3(1): 21-8.