Comparing the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in psychology, Islamic Azad University, Research Science Branch of Khouzestan, Iran

2 Assistant professor of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Research Science Branch of Khouzestan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in patients referred to psychiatric clinics in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on clients referred to psychology clinics in Tehran during 2015 with diagnosis of depression and anxiety by psychiatric commission. Sixty individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one control). The research tool was Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. One group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the other group received transcranial magnetic stimulation for 20 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference between transcranial magnetic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in clients (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in reducing anxiety and depression but cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce depression and anxiety more than transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Keywords

References

  1.  Wang J, Wu X, Lai W,  Long E, Zhang X, LiW, et al. Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7(8): e017173.
  2. Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st Century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2015; 17(3): 327-35.
  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults update Clinical guideline 90 London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2009. 
  4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults: Management in primary, secondary and community care Clinical guideline 113 London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2011. 
  5. Clark DM. Implementing NICE guidelines for the psychological treatment of depression and anxiety disorders: the IAPT experience. Int Rev Psychiatry 2011; 23: 318-27.
  6. Twomey C, O’Reilly G, Byrne M. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Fam Pract 2015; 32(1): 3-15.
  7. Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985; 1(8437):1106-7.
  8. Pascual-Leone A, Rubio B, Pallardó F, Catalá MD. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression. Lancet 1996; 348(9022): 233-7. 
  9. van der Donk L. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on treatment resistant depression and its biological underpinnings. Tilburg University, 2013.
  10. Hasey GM. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Using a law of physics to treat psychopathology. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1999; 24: 97-101.
  11. Klomjai W, Katz R, Lackmy-Vallée A. Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 58: 208-13.
  12. Holtzheimer PE, Avery D, Schlaepfer TE. Antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial              magnetic stimulation. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 541-5.
  13. Martin JL, Barbanog MJ, Schalapfer TE, Thompson E, Perez V, Kulrsevesley J. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2003; 183: 480-91.
  14. Steer RA, Beck AT. Modifying the Beck Depression Inventory: A reply to Vredenburg, Krames, Flett. Psychol Rep 1985; 57: 625-6.
  15. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory – II. San Antonio; The Psychological Corporation. Harcourt Brace and Company; 1996.
  16. Dabson KA, Mohammadkhani P. [The psychometric properties of Beck Depression Inventory– II in a large population of patients with major depressive disorder]. Journal of rehabilitation 2008; 8: 80-86. (Persian)
  17. Beck AT, Steer RA. The Beck Anxiety Inventory manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1996.
  18. Kaviani H, Mousavi AS. [Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)]. Journal of Medical Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2008; 65: 136-40. (Persian)
  19. Brasil-Neto JP, Boechat-Barros R, Mota-Silveira DA. [The use of slow-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression at Brasília University Hospital: preliminary findings]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003; 61(1): 83-6. (Portuguese)
  20. Mantovani A, Aly M, Dagan Y, Allart A, Lisanby SH. Randomized sham controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the treatment of panic disorder with comorbid major depression. J Affect Disord 2013; 144(1-2): 153-9.
  21. Magnezi R, Aminov E, Shmuel D, Dreifuss M, Dannon P. Comparison between neurostimulation techniques repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation vs electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of resistant depression: patient preference and cost-effectiveness. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10: 1481-7.
  22. White D, Tavakoli S. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of major depressive disorder with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2015; 27(3): 192-6.
  23. Flynn AH, Warren R. Using CBT effectively for treating depression and anxiety. Curr Psychiatry 2014; 13: 45-53.
Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 22, Issue 1
January and February 2020
Pages 27-30

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics