Fundamentals of Mental Health

Fundamentals of Mental Health

Comparison of behavioral activation subscales of Gray’s original reinforcement sensitivity theory in opioid and methamphetamine dependent patients

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Amir Ghaderi 1
Marjan Alamikhah 2
Mohammad-Amin Karimi 3
Negisa Bashkar 4
Omid Saed 5
Mostafa Gholami 1
Mohammadreza Davoudi 1
Morad Rasouli-Azad 6
1 Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2 MS. in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Torbat-e-Jam, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran
3 MS. in consultancy, Iran Prisons Organization, Tehran, Iran
4 Research Center for Substance Use and Dependence (DARIUS Institute), Welfare and Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant professor of clinical psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
6 Assistant professor of clinical psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
10.22038/jfmh.2017.9548
Abstract
Introduction: The relationship of behavioral activation subsystems with methamphetamine and opioids dependency, which are the most commonly used illicit substances in Iran, is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral activation subsystems and behavioral inhibition system of opioid and methamphetamine dependents with those of healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, two groups of methamphetamine and opioids dependents (25 cases on each group) were selected through purposeful method from patients admitted to substance rehabilitation centers of Mashhad, Iran, during March to September 2012. A group of 25 healthy cases (non-addict) were also matched as the control group. Data was collected using Carver and White’s BAS/BIS scales and analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The methamphetamine-dependents group had a higher BAS-DR subscale score than the opioid dependent group (P<0.01), but in neither group these scores were significantly different from the BAS-DR scores of healthy subjects (P>0.05). The BAS-RR scores of the methamphetamine-dependents group were higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). The scores of BAS-FS subscale of the control group was higher than in the opioid-dependent group (P<0.05), but was no difference from the scores of methamphetamine-dependent patients (P>0.05). There was no difference between the three groups in terms of scores of behavioral inhibition system (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The difference of BAS subscales of patients with different substance dependencies from those of healthy subjects confirms the role of reward deficiency syndrome in the substance use disorder. Also, methamphetamine and opioid dependencies were found to have a duration-dependent impact on the behavioral activation subsystems.
Keywords
Reinforcement sensitivity
Behavioral activation system
Methamphetamine
Opioids
Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 19, Issue 6
November and December 2017
Pages 581-589