Investigating the relationship between mindfulness, emotional regulation, and theory of mind in bipolar patients

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Psychology and Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour Branch, Neyshabour, Iran

2 Department of Psychology and Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour Branch, Neyshabour, Iran.

10.22038/JFMH.2024.80555.3136

Abstract

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is a debilitating illness. Bipolar patients often have problems regulating emotions, which leads to poor social skills. Therefore, we investigated mindfulness, emotional regulation, and theory of mind in bipolar patients.
 
Materials and Methods: In this present study, the statistical population consisted of all patients with diagnosed bipolar disorder referred to the rehabilitation center for chronic neuropsychiatric patients in Mashhad City, Iran, in March-April 2024. We analyzed the data using SPSS 20, Pearson coefficient test, and regression analysis.
 
Results: We found a significant relationship between mindfulness and emotion regulation. The relationship between the conscious mind and adaptive emotional regulation was positive, while there was a negative relationship between the conscious mind and maladaptive emotional regulation.
 
Conclusion: There is a relationship between mindfulness, emotional regulation, and theory of mind in bipolar patients.
 

Keywords

References

  1. 1.                   McIntyre RS, Berk M, Brietzke E, Goldstein BI, López-Jaramillo C, Kessing LV, et al. Bipolar disorders. The Lancet 2020; 396(10265): 1841-56.‏

    1. Nierenberg AA, Agustini B, Köhler-Forsberg O, Cusin C, Katz D, Sylvia LG, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder: A review. JAMA 2023; 330(14): 1370-80.‏
    2. Mianji F, Kirmayer LJ. The globalization of biological psychiatry and the rise of bipolar spectrum disorder in Iran. Cult Med Psychiatry 2020; 44: 404-32.‏
    3. Koenders MA, Dodd AL, Karl A, Green MJ, Elzinga BM, Wright K. Understanding bipolar disorder within a biopsychosocial emotion dysregulation framework. J Affect Disord Rep 2020; 2: 100031.‏

    5.                   Oliva V, De Prisco M, Fico G, Possidente C, Fortea L, Montejo L, et al. Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2023; 148(6): 472-90.‏

    1. Kraiss JT, Ten Klooster PM, Moskowitz JT, Bohlmeijer ET. The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 102: 152189.
    2. Dehelean L, Romosan AM, Bucatos BO, Papava I, Balint R, Bortun AMC, et al. Social and neurocognitive deficits in remitted patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9(4): 365.
    3. Nejati V, Zabihzadeh A, Nikfarjam MR, Naderi Z, Pournaghdali A. [Correlation between mindfulness and mind reading through eye image]. Zahedan journal of research in medical sciences 2012; 14(1): 37-42. (Persian)

    9.                   Halac E, Ciray RO, Turan S, Tuncturk M, Agac N, Elmas FN, et al. Impaired theory of mind and emotion recognition in pediatric bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138: 246-55.‏

    1. Musket CW, Hansen NS, Welker KM, Gilbert KE, Gruber J. A pilot investigation of emotional regulation difficulties and mindfulness-based strategies in manic and remitted bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9: 1-8.‏
    2. Burgos‐Julián FA, Ruiz‐Íñiguez R, Peña‐Ibáñez F, Montero AC, Santed‐Germán MA. Mindfulness‐based and mindfulness‐informed interventions in bipolar disorder: A meta‐analysis based on Becker's method. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29(4): 1172-85.‏
    3. Sanada K, Montero-Marin J, Barceló-Soler A, Ikuse D, Ota M, Hirata A, et al. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on biomarkers and low-grade inflammation in patients with psychiatric disorders: A meta-analytic review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(7): 2484.‏
    4. Hanssen I, Boele M, van der Horst N, Lochmann van Bennekom M, Regeer E, Speckens A. The process of change of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with bipolar disorder: A qualitative study. Mindfulness 2021; 12: 863-72.‏

    14.                Hanssen I, van der Horst N, Boele M, Lochmann van Bennekom M, Regeer E, Speckens A. The feasibility of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with bipolar disorder: A qualitative study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8: 1-12.‏

    1. Hanssen I, Scheepbouwer V, Huijbers M, Regeer E, Lochmann van Bennekom M, Kupka R, et al. Adverse or therapeutic? A mixed-methods study investigating adverse effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in bipolar disorder. PLoS ONE 2021; 16(11): e0259167.
    2. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. Eur J Psychol Assess 2007; 23(3): 141-9. 
    3. Hasani J. [The psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)]. Journal of clinical psychology 2010; 2(3): 73-84. (Persian)
    4. Baron-Cohen S, Wheel Wright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The "reading the mind in the eyes" test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Aspberger syndrome or high functional autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001; 42: 241-51.
    5. Mahmoud Aliloo M, Bakhshipoor A, Bafandeh Gharamaleki H, Kkanjani Z, Ranjbar F. [The study of theory of mind deficit in schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms and its comparison with healthy people]. Journal of psychology (Tabriz University) 2011; 6: 85-102. (Persian)
    6. Baer RA, Carmody J, Hunsinger M. Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68(7): 755-65. 
    7. Ahmadvand Z, Heydarinasab L, Shairi MR. [Prediction of psychological well-being based on the components of mindfulness]. Health psychology 2012; 11(2): 60-69. (Persian)
    8. Koc MS, Uzun RB. Investigating the link between dispositional mindfulness, beliefs about emotions, emotion regulation and psychological health: A model testing study. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 2024; 42(2): 475-94.‏
    9. Fakhari A, Minashiri A, Khazaee S, Movahedi Y, Fallahi A, Taher Panah M. [Study of deficiency in theory of mind and emotion regulation in bipolar disorder and depressed patients compared with normal subjects]. Studies in medical sciences 2014; 25(6): 511-20.‏ (Persian)
    10. Kerr N, Dunbar RIM, Bentall RP. Theory of mind deficits in bipolar affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2003; 73(3): 253-9.
    11. Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Murray G, Karantonis J, Furlong LS, Van Rheenen TE. Mindfulness, mood symptom tendencies and quality of life in bipolar disorder: An examination of the mediating influence of emotion regulation difficulties. J Affect Disord 2022; 298: 166-72.‏
Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 26, Issue 4
July and August 2024
Pages 267-271

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics