Fundamentals of Mental Health

Fundamentals of Mental Health

The effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT) on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Hamidreza Ghanbari 1
Narges Ebrahimi Sales 2
Shima Jamali 3
1 Ph.D. in psychology, Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
2 MS. in family law, Department of Law, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
3 MS.c. student, Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
10.22038/jfmh.2021.18159
Abstract
Introduction: The basis of many psychological disorders is rooted in quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of education based on improving quality of life on tolerance of distress and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusers.
Materials and Methods:The statistical population of men over 20 years old referred to addiction treatment centers in Mashhad city, Iran in 2019. Fifty individuals were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n= 25) and control (n= 25) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of skills training based on quality of life and the control group did not receive any experimental test. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) questionnaires were completed by the participants in the pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measure Covariance with SPSS software.
Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance after intervention (P< 0.01). Also, the mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance were significantly different in the experimental group before, after the intervention and the follow-up phase (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that training in skills based on improving quality of life on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation is effective in substance abusers.
Keywords
Cognitive emotion regulation
Distress tolerance
Quality of life therapy
Substance abuse
  1. Hajli A, Zakaria M, Hojjat Kermani S. [Man's attitude towards drug abuse in the country]. Iranian journal of social issues 2010; 1(2): 112-82. (Persian)
  2. Khastou G. [Prevention of addiction with community-based approach]. Social welfare 2002; 2(6): 235-65. (Persian)
  3. Homish GG, Leonard KE, Cornelius JR. Illicit drug use and marital satisfaction. Addict Behav 2008; 33(2): 279-91.
  4. Yousefi M. [A preliminary study of marital satisfaction and family life in addicts]. Ph.D. Dissertation. Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 2003. (Persian)
  5. Deravi MA. [Comparison of the mean score of anxiety and depression before and after detoxification in addicts referring to Baharan Hospital Addiction Clinic]. Ph.D. Dissertation. Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 2005. (Persian)
  6. Babandi G. [Determining health concept and health promotion behaviors in addicts and non-addicts referring to Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital Daily Addiction Center]. MS. Dissertation. Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 2001. (Persian)
  7. Leon G. The therapeutic community: Theory, model, and method. New York: Springer; 2000.
  8. Wenzel V, Weichold K, Silbereisen RK. The life skills program ISPY: Positive influences on school bonding and prevention of substance J Adolesc 2008; 32(6): 1391-401.
  9. Nouri GR, Mohammadkhani P. [Life skills training program]. Deputy of Cultural Affairs and Prevention of Welfare Organization; 1994. (Persian)
  10. Global evaluation of life skills education programs. [cited June 3, 2009]. Available from: http://www.unicef.org.
  11. Amiri Barmykuhi A. [Life skills training on depression]. Quarterly journal of evolutionary psychology (Iranian psychologists) 2009; 2: 297-306. (Persian)
  12. Hemphill BJ. Assessment in occupational therapy mental health. An integrative approach. New York. Slack Incorporated; 2008: 231-3.
  13. Botvin GJ, Kantor LW. Preventing alcohol and tobacco use through life skill training. Alcohol Res 2007; 24(4): 8-25.
  14. Qasemzadeh F. [Life skills for high school students]. Journal of educational innovation 2001; 2(1): 34-41. (Persian)
  15. Robinson PF. Measurement of quality of life. J Assoc Nurs AIDS Care 2008; 15(1): 14-19.
  16. Gonzalez MA, Fernandez P, Rodriguez F, Villagra P. Long- term outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy in drug– dependent female inmates: a controlled trial. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2014; 14(1): 18-27.
  17. Khantzian EJ. [The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence]. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142(11): 1259-64. (Persian)
  18. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven Ph. Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and depression. Pers Individ Diff 2000; 30(8): 1311-27.
  19. Gratz KL, Romer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2004; 26(1): 41-54.
  20. Hayes SC, Lillis C. [Acceptance and commitment therapy (theory psychotherapy). 1st Amer. (translator). Zanjan: Mahdis; 2012: 15-61. (Persian)
  21. Keough ME, Riccardi CJ, Timpano KR, Mitchell MA, Schmidt NB. Anxiety symptomatology: The Association with Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity. Behav Ther 2010; 41(4): 567-74.
  22. Simons JS, Gaher RM. The distress tolerance scale: Development and validation of a self report measure. Motiv Emot 2005; 20(9): 83-102.
  23. Zvolensky MJ, Bernstein A, Vujanovic AA. Distress tolerance: Theory, research, and clinical application. 3rd New York: Guilford; 2011: 64-5.
  24. Azizi A. [The effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy in preventing recurrence and improving emotional regulatory skills and tolerance in opioid addicts]. MS. Dissertation. Allameh Tabatabai University, 2010. (Persian)
  25. Daughters SB, Reynolds EK, MacPherson L, Kahler CW, Danielson CK, Zvolensky M, et al. Distress tolerance and early adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms: The moderating role of gender and ethnicity. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47(3): 198-205.
  26. Pottera CM, Vujanovic AA, Marshall-Berenz EC, Bernsteind A, Bernsteind MO. Posttraumatic stress and marijuana use coping motives: The mediating role of distress tolerance. J Anxiety Disord 2001; 25(3): 437-43.
  27. Forouzanfar A, Lavasani G, Kazemi S. [Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based group counselling on distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity in substance abusive women]. Quarterly journal of addiction research 2017; 11(4): 135-54. (Persian)
  28. Najafi M, MohammadiFar MA, Abdollahi M. [Emotional performance deficit and tendency to substance abuse: The role of the components of emotion regulation, tolerance, and sensation seeking. Journal of social health and addiction 2015; 2(5): 53-68. (Persian)
  29. Sexton T, Turner CW. The effectiveness of functional family therapy for youth with behavioral problems in a community practice setting. J Fam Psychol 2010; 24(3): 339-48.
  30. Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Harrop EN, Douglas H, Enkema M, Sedgwick C. Mindfulness-based treatment to prevent addictive behavior relapse: theoretical models and hypothesized mechanisms of change. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49(5): 513-24.
  31. Linehan M, Dexter-Mazze E. Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. In: Barlow D. (editor). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual. London: Routledge; 2008: 365-462.
  32. Lee EB, An W, Levin ME, Twohig MP. An initial meta-analysis of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 155: 1-7.
  33. Frisch MB. [Quality of life therapy, applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy]. Khamseh A. (translator). 1st Tehran: Arjmand; 2010: 329-37. (Persian)
  34. Alavi Kh, Modarres Gharavi M, Yazdi A, Salehi Fadardi J. [The effectiveness of group dialectical behavioral therapy (with emphasis on elements of basic awareness, distress tolerance, and emotional regulation) depression scales]. Journal of fundamentals mental health 2011; 13(2): 124-35. (Persian)
  35. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire- development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Pers Individ Diff 2006; 41(6): 1045-53.
  36. Hasani J. [Psychometric properties of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire]. Clinical psychology 2010; 2(7): 73-83. (Persian)
  37. Besharat MA. [Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Implementation and scoring method]. Transformational psychology (Iranian psychologists) 2016; 13: 221-3. (Persian)
  38. Popenhagen MP, Qualley RM. Adolescent suicide: Detection, intervention and prevention.
    J Psychol Couns Sch 2007; 4(1): 6-30.
  39. Turner NE, Macdonald J, Somerset M. Life skills, mathematical reasoning and critical thin-king: A curriculum for the prevention of problem gambling. J Gambl Stud 2008; 24(3): 367-80.
  40. Mitchell KL. The impact of anger management training on students of skills for managing anger. [cited 2005]. Available from: http:// articles.philly.com.
  41. Seid M, Varni JW, Gidwani P, Gelhard LR, Slymen DJ. Problem-solving skills training for vulnerable families of children with persistent asthma: Report of a randomized trial on health-related quality of life outcomes. J Pediatr Psychol 2010; 35(10): 1133-47.
  42. De Leon G. Therapeutic community for addictions: a theoret­ical framework]. Int J Addict 2006; 30(12): 455-8.
  43. Frisch M, Sanford K. Construct validity and the search for a unidimensional factor solution: factor analysis of the quality of life inventory in a large clinical sample. Waco, TX: Baylor University; 2005.
  44. Frisch MB, Clark MP, Rouse SV, Rudd MD, Paweleck JK, Greenstone A, Kopplin DA. Predictive and treatment validity of life satisfaction and the quality of life inventory. Psychol Assess­ 2005; 12 (1): 66-78.
  45. O’Brien C, McLellan AT. Myths about the treatment of addiction. Lancet 1996; 347(8996): 237-40.
  46. Kajbaf MB, Hoseini F, Ghamarani A, Razazian N. [Comparison of effectiveness of quality of life therapy and treatment based on Islamic spirituality on distress tolerance, stress, anxiety, and depression in women with tension headaches]. Journal of clinical psychology 2017; 9(1): 21-38. (Persian)
  47. Rodrigue JR, Moher AB, Widows MR. A randomized evaluation of quality of life therapy with patients awaiting lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 5(10): 2425- 32.
  48. Padash Z. [Evaluation of the effectiveness of quality of life therapy on marital satisfaction of spouses in Isfahan]. MA. Dissertation. Isfahan: University of Isfahan, 2011. (Persian)
  49. Ghasemi N [Evaluation of the effectiveness of quality of life therapy on mental well-being and mental health of people who refer to the counseling center]. MA. Dissertation. Isfahan: University of Isfahan, 2011. (Persian)

 



 

Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume 23, Issue 1
March and April 2021
Pages 63-73