دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221Evolutionary and genetic origin of suicideEvolutionary and genetic origin of suicide3121794010.22038/jfmh.2021.17940FASajjad RashidStudent of medicine, Department of International Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China0000-0002-0107-9588Mohsen RashidPh.D. student of molecular medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-2042-1083Ahmadreza KianiPh.D. in family counseling, Assistant professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0003-1792-590xJournal Article20210502<strong>Introduction:</strong> Every year, around one million people die by suicide throughout the world. So, understanding the biological origins of suicide can provide etiological and preventive advantages to our understanding of this complicated phenomenon.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The current study is a review study aimed at assessing the validity of evolutionary hypotheses based on the newest findings of this domain. For this reason, relevant articles from the reliable scientific database until August 2018 were selected.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>According to the literature, various models such as altruistic suicide, eusociality, the bargaining hypothesis, the parasite manipulation hypothesis etc., to some extent, can explain suicide behavior. However, no precise evolutionary mechanism yet identified. In addition, almost all of the new suicide models, particularly the crying for help model and interpersonal psychological model of suicide, are formed based on these evolutionary hypotheses. These models, along with other genetical studies, showed that suicide is not just a socio-cultural phenomenon; genes have an important role in suicide incidence.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In sum, the evidences suggest that suicide is probably the by-product of pain rather than the direct product of natural selection. <strong>Introduction:</strong> Every year, around one million people die by suicide throughout the world. So, understanding the biological origins of suicide can provide etiological and preventive advantages to our understanding of this complicated phenomenon.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The current study is a review study aimed at assessing the validity of evolutionary hypotheses based on the newest findings of this domain. For this reason, relevant articles from the reliable scientific database until August 2018 were selected.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>According to the literature, various models such as altruistic suicide, eusociality, the bargaining hypothesis, the parasite manipulation hypothesis etc., to some extent, can explain suicide behavior. However, no precise evolutionary mechanism yet identified. In addition, almost all of the new suicide models, particularly the crying for help model and interpersonal psychological model of suicide, are formed based on these evolutionary hypotheses. These models, along with other genetical studies, showed that suicide is not just a socio-cultural phenomenon; genes have an important role in suicide incidence.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In sum, the evidences suggest that suicide is probably the by-product of pain rather than the direct product of natural selection. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221The mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship of attachment dimensions with social and academic adjustment among visually impaired studentsThe mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship of attachment dimensions with social and academic adjustment among visually impaired students13211788510.22038/jfmh.2021.17885FAFahimeh RezaeipourM.Sc. in educational psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-4061-7075Kazem Barzegar BafrooeiAssociate professor of Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0002-5649-0016Journal Article20210422<strong>Introduction:</strong> Considering the effect of vision on emotional, communication, and academic activities, also to prevent the negative impact of impaired vision, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between attachment dimensions and social and academic adjustment in students with visual impairment.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included students with visual impairment at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of all Iranian universities in the academic year 2017-2018. Amongst them, 211 cases were selected through snow-ball sampling method and responded to Collins' Attachment Scale, a brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation of Leary and social and academic adjustment subscales of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire Baker and Siryk. Data analyzed by structural equation modeling using AMOS 22 software.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that the hypothesized model fits the experimental data and the direct effects of attachment anxiety and fear of negative evaluation on social (<em>P</em>< 0.05) and academic adjustment were significant (<em>P</em>< 0.01). Also, attachment avoidance by mediating fear of negative evaluation had a significant effect on social (<em>P</em>< 0.01) and academic adjustment (<em>P</em>< 0.05). The effect of attachment anxiety on fear of negative evaluation in social (<em>P</em>< 0.05) and academic adjustment (<em>P</em>< 0.01) was also confirmed.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the research findings, attachment and fear of negative evaluation can predict students' social and academic adjustment with visual impairment. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to secure attachment, adjustment and prevention of fear of negative evaluation in these students.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Considering the effect of vision on emotional, communication, and academic activities, also to prevent the negative impact of impaired vision, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between attachment dimensions and social and academic adjustment in students with visual impairment.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included students with visual impairment at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of all Iranian universities in the academic year 2017-2018. Amongst them, 211 cases were selected through snow-ball sampling method and responded to Collins' Attachment Scale, a brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation of Leary and social and academic adjustment subscales of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire Baker and Siryk. Data analyzed by structural equation modeling using AMOS 22 software.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The results showed that the hypothesized model fits the experimental data and the direct effects of attachment anxiety and fear of negative evaluation on social (<em>P</em>< 0.05) and academic adjustment were significant (<em>P</em>< 0.01). Also, attachment avoidance by mediating fear of negative evaluation had a significant effect on social (<em>P</em>< 0.01) and academic adjustment (<em>P</em>< 0.05). The effect of attachment anxiety on fear of negative evaluation in social (<em>P</em>< 0.05) and academic adjustment (<em>P</em>< 0.01) was also confirmed.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the research findings, attachment and fear of negative evaluation can predict students' social and academic adjustment with visual impairment. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to secure attachment, adjustment and prevention of fear of negative evaluation in these students.دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221Investigating the activity of brain-behavioral systems and resilience through the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in patients with tension headachesInvestigating the activity of brain-behavioral systems and resilience through the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in patients with tension headaches23291791210.22038/jfmh.2021.17912FAElaheh PourakbaranDepartment of General Psychology, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University of Bojnourd, Bojnourd , Iran0000000213026862Jafar HassaniAssociate professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,
Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7061-9330Mehdi Ghasemi MotlaghAssistant professor of Psychology, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University of Bojnourd, Bojnourd , Iran0000-0003-4400-0347Journal Article20210426<strong>Introduction:</strong> This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and resilience with emphasis on the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs.<br /><strong>Materials and Method</strong>s<strong>:</strong> The population of this correlational study consist the patients with tension-type headaches who referred to neurology clinics and clinical psychologists in Mashhad city during 2018-2019. Amongst them 292 cases were selected by convenient sampling method. Participants were assessed through research assessment tools including Jackson Inhibition / Activation Systems, Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and Connor & Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The findings showed that behavioral brain systems with all three subscales of behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation and warfare have a direct effect on resilience. (P <0.05), and the two components of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS and Behavioral Inhibition) (BIS) have no direct effect on metacognitive beliefs as a mediating variable, only the FFFS component has a direct negative effect on metacognitive beliefe(P <0.05) <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between behavioral inhibition system and tension headache. Also, brain -behavioral system and resilience through mediating role of cognitive beliefs can impact on patients with tension headaches.<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and resilience with emphasis on the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The population of this correlational study consist the patients with tension-type headaches who referred to neurology clinics and clinical psychologists in Mashhad city during 2018-2019. Amongst them 300 cases were selected by convenient sampling method. Participants were assessed through research assessment tools including Jackson's Five-Factor Questionnaire, Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. The data analyzed by the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, path analysis, AMOS and SPSS version 22.<br /><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The findings showed that behavioral brain systems with all three subscales of behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation and FFFS have a direct effect on resilience. (P<0.05), and the two components of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition (BIS) have no direct effect on metacognitive beliefs as a mediating variable, only the FFFS component has a direct negative effect on metacognitive beliefs (P<0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between behavioral inhibition system and tension headache. Also, brain -behavioral system and resilience through mediating role of cognitive beliefs can impact on patients with tension headaches.<strong> </strong>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221The mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty between health anxiety and state anxiety in Iranian adults during Coronavirus pandemicThe mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty between health anxiety and state anxiety in Iranian adults during coronavirus pandemic31391792310.22038/jfmh.2021.17923FAMohammad Arash RamezaniFounder and faculty member of Iranian Emotion-Focused Therapy Institute, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-09738357Milad ShirkhaniM. A. student of clinical psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6428-5581Masoud Rezvan HasanabadMS. in family counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDorsa Mazaheri AsadiM. A. student of clinical psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7349-2363Amirhosein SadeghiM. A. student of clinical psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1834-363xJournal Article20210427<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties between health anxiety and state anxiety during coronavirus pandemic.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study is a descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study includes all Iranian adults who lived in Mashhad between April and May 2020 from which 370 Iranian adults were selected as the sample by the convenient sampling method. The Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) were used. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation method and structural equation analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The results show that the components of health anxiety, which include getting sick (<em>P</em>=0.02), patient outcomes (<em>P</em>=0.02), and general health concerns (<em>P</em>=0.01), have a significant effect on state anxiety through the emotion regulation difficulties with effects of 0.27, 0.30 and -0.14, respectively. Increasing (decreasing) the getting sick and the patient outcomes components of health anxiety increases (decreases) the state anxiety by increasing (decreasing) the emotion regulation difficulties. However, increasing (decreasing) general health concerns lead to a decrease (increase) in state anxiety by decreasing (increasing) emotion regulation difficulty.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Individual who have higher subscales of "getting sick" and "patient outcomes" in health anxiety perceive more anxiety in situations where their health is at risk. But people with higher "general health concerns" subscale have better emotion regulation and perceive less anxiety in these situations.<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties between health anxiety and state anxiety during coronavirus pandemic.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study is a descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study includes all Iranian adults who lived in Mashhad between April and May 2020 from which 370 Iranian adults were selected as the sample by the convenient sampling method. The Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) were used. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation method and structural equation analysis.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>The results show that the components of health anxiety, which include getting sick (<em>P</em>=0.02), patient outcomes (<em>P</em>=0.02), and general health concerns (<em>P</em>=0.01), have a significant effect on state anxiety through the emotion regulation difficulties with effects of 0.27, 0.30 and -0.14, respectively. Increasing (decreasing) the getting sick and the patient outcomes components of health anxiety increases (decreases) the state anxiety by increasing (decreasing) the emotion regulation difficulties. However, increasing (decreasing) general health concerns lead to a decrease (increase) in state anxiety by decreasing (increasing) emotion regulation difficulty.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Individual who have higher subscales of "getting sick" and "patient outcomes" in health anxiety perceive more anxiety in situations where their health is at risk. But people with higher "general health concerns" subscale have better emotion regulation and perceive less anxiety in these situations.دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221Comparing emotional disturbances and quality of life in couples with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder
and ordinary couplesComparing emotional disturbances and quality of life in couples with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder and ordinary couples41481793510.22038/jfmh.2021.17935FAMelika GhahramanzadehPh.D student of psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6801-4981Ali MashhadiProfessor of psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-6212-1372Zohreh Sepehri ShamlooAssociate professor of psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranSeyed Ali KimiaeeAssociate professor of counseling, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20210501<strong>Introduction:</strong> Definitive diagnosis of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is challenging because many of the symptoms of ADHD overlap with other disorders and little research has been done on ADHD couples. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) and quality of life in couples with ADHD and ordinary couples.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this causal-comparative study, out of all ADHD and normal couples in Mashhad, 87 cases were selected. Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV) was used for diagnosis of ADHD along with clinical interview. The participants fulfilled Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Marital Relationship Quality Scale (RDAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) showed a significant difference between the two groups. In other words, the levels of anxiety, depression and stress in ADHD couples were higher compared to ordinary couples (<em>P</em>< 0.001). But regarding the quality of the life and relationship and its components (marital agreement, marital satisfaction, marital cohesion), there was no significant difference between the two groups (<em>P</em>> 0.05). <br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that couples with ADHD suffer from emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) more than the ordinary couples.<strong>Introduction:</strong> Definitive diagnosis of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is challenging because many of the symptoms of ADHD overlap with other disorders and little research has been done on ADHD couples. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) and quality of life in couples with ADHD and ordinary couples.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this causal-comparative study, out of all ADHD and normal couples in Mashhad, 87 cases were selected. Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV) was used for diagnosis of ADHD along with clinical interview. The participants fulfilled Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Marital Relationship Quality Scale (RDAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) showed a significant difference between the two groups. In other words, the levels of anxiety, depression and stress in ADHD couples were higher compared to ordinary couples (<em>P</em>< 0.001). But regarding the quality of the life and relationship and its components (marital agreement, marital satisfaction, marital cohesion), there was no significant difference between the two groups (<em>P</em>> 0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that couples with ADHD suffer from emotional disturbances (anxiety, stress and depression) more than the ordinary couples.دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221The effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment in clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance of university studentsThe effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment in clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance of university students49561793810.22038/jfmh.2021.17938FAAfarin Sadeghi OrdoubadiPh.D. student, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran0000-0001-8712-2913Zahra Bagherzadeh GolmakaniAssistant professor, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran0000-0002-3662-7273Mahdi AmiriAssistant professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAhmad MansouriAssistant professor, Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran0000-0003-3944-4082Journal Article20210501<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment in clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and students' distress tolerance.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The statistical population of this clinical trial included all students of Mashhad universities. Among them, thirty students were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to an equal experimental group and a control group. The instruments included Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Gross and John emotion regulation questionnaire, and Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale (DASS). After performing the pretest, the experimental group received transdiagnostic treatment intervention in 10 two-hour sessions. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS 26 software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Based on the findings, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in the scores of clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance (<em>P</em>< 0.05).<strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that transdiagnostic treatment is effective in clinical symptoms, cognitive regulation of emotions, and distress tolerance in university students.<strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong> The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment in clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and students' distress tolerance.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The statistical population of this clinical trial included all students of Mashhad universities. Among them, thirty students were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to an equal experimental group and a control group. The instruments included Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale (DASS). After performing the pretest, the experimental group received transdiagnostic treatment intervention in 10 two-hour sessions. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS 26 software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Based on the findings, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in the scores of clinical symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance (<em>P</em>< 0.05).<strong> </strong><br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that transdiagnostic treatment is effective in clinical symptoms, cognitive regulation of emotions, and distress tolerance in university students.دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221Does impulsivity mediate the relationship between alexithymia and aggression?Does impulsivity mediate the relationship between alexithymia and aggression?57621793910.22038/jfmh.2021.17939FAFahimeh DehghaniAssistant professor, Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Sciences Faculty, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0002-9890-7430Parinaz FalahiMA. student in general psychology, Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Sciences Faculty, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000000286887161Journal Article20210502<strong>Introduction:</strong> In order to reduce the harm inflicted by aggression, the antecedent of it must be identified. The previous research findings have demonstrated that alexithymia is one of these factors, but the mechanisms underlying this connection are not well-understood. The present study aimed to assess impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between alexithymia and aggressive behavior among university students.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was descriptive correlational in design and the participants were 198 students from Yazd University in the academic year of 2017-2018. These students were assessed by Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Afterwards, the data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling Technique (SEM) utilizing AMOS software.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Analyses indicated that alexithymia and aggression were positively correlated with one another, as well as impulsivity. Analyses of mediation indicated that impulsivity partially mediated the association between alexithymia and aggression in Iranian students.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicate that the effect of alexithymia on aggression was partially mediated by impulsivity. Hence, the future research can examine the other possible mediators.<strong>Introduction:</strong> In order to reduce the harm inflicted by aggression, the antecedent of it must be identified. The previous research findings have demonstrated that alexithymia is one of these factors, but the mechanisms underlying this connection are not well-understood. The present study aimed to assess impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between alexithymia and aggressive behavior among university students.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was descriptive correlational in design and the participants were 198 students from Yazd University in the academic year of 2017-2018. These students were assessed by Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Afterwards, the data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling Technique (SEM) utilizing AMOS software.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Analyses indicated that alexithymia and aggression were positively correlated with one another, as well as impulsivity. Analyses of mediation indicated that impulsivity partially mediated the association between alexithymia and aggression in Iranian students.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicate that the effect of alexithymia on aggression was partially mediated by impulsivity. Hence, the future research can examine the other possible mediators.<br /><strong> </strong>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهدمجله اصول بهداشت روانی1028-691823120201221The effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT) on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusersThe effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT) on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusers63731815910.22038/jfmh.2021.18159FAHamidreza GhanbariPh.D. in psychology, Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-1004-7764Narges Ebrahimi SalesMS. in family law, Department of Law, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran0000-0002-1847-8411Shima JamaliMS.c. student, Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-8173-2611Journal Article20210608<strong>Introduction:</strong> The basis of many psychological disorders is rooted in quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of education based on improving quality of life on tolerance of distress and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusers.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>The statistical population of men over 20 years old referred to addiction treatment centers in Mashhad city, Iran in 2019. Fifty individuals were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n= 25) and control (n= 25) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of skills training based on quality of life and the control group did not receive any experimental test. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) questionnaires were completed by the participants in the pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measure Covariance with SPSS software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance after intervention (<em>P</em>< 0.01). Also, the mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance were significantly different in the experimental group before, after the intervention and the follow-up phase (<em>P</em>< 0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the findings, it seems that training in skills based on improving quality of life on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation is effective in substance abusers.<strong>Introduction:</strong> The basis of many psychological disorders is rooted in quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of education based on improving quality of life on tolerance of distress and cognitive emotion regulation in substance abusers.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The statistical population of men over 20 years old referred to addiction treatment centers in Mashhad city, Iran in 2019. Fifty individuals were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n= 25) and control (n= 25) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of skills training based on quality of life and the control group did not receive any experimental test. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) questionnaires were completed by the participants in the pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measure Covariance with SPSS software.<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance after intervention (<em>P</em>< 0.01). Also, the mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance were significantly different in the experimental group before, after the intervention and the follow-up phase (<em>P</em>< 0.001).<br /><strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the findings, it seems that training in skills based on improving quality of life on distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation is effective in substance abusers.