Introduction: Personality disorders are heterogeneous set of disorders that code in axis II of DSM-IV-TR and they are as stable models of internal behavior and experience that conflict with cultural expects significantly. The present study aimed to compare prevalence of personality disorders among individuals with substance abuse, regressed to abuse and ordinary people.   Materials and Methods: Statistic sample of this research includes all of the men of Mianeh city in 2014, sample group consists of 300 persons (100 cases with substance abuse among who referred to treatment centers, 100 people who abuse drug again and 100 ordinary individuals). The cases selected via convenient sampling method. The research instrument was Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-3. Data analyzed through multivariable variance analysis.   Results: There is a significant difference between abusers and ordinary people in personality disorders such as schizoid, depression, antisocial, aggressive (sadism), obsessive (compulsive) and schizotype disorders. Also, there is significant difference between people with regression to abuse substance and ordinary people, in addition between substance abusers and those with regression to abuse substance in all of the personality disorders (P<0.05).   Conclusion: According to the research findings, the main role of personality disorders can relate to tendency to substance abuse and regression to addiction.

Introduction: The act of bullying is an abuse in social interaction among peers containing aggressiveness. Low emotional intelligence is associated with the involvement of bullying as a bully/victim of bullying. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the factors of bullying, social competence and emotional intelligence among students.   Materials and Methods: The study (academic year of 2014-2015) conducted using pre-test and post-test with a control group among student population (experimental group: 20 cases, control: 20 cases). In this study, emotional intelligence training was performed in 10 sessions of 45 minutes based on Goldman’s model using multi-stage random sampling method. Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire, social competence scale and Bar-On and Parker’s emotional-social intelligence (ESI) were used in order to assess the variables of the study. The statistical method wasmultivariate covariance (MONCOVA).   Results: The results of the present study indicated that there is a significant difference at the level of 0.001 between the variables of bullying, social competence and emotional intelligence among the experimental and control group, indicating the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the components of bullying, social competence and emotional intelligence among the students.   Conclusion: Emotional intelligence training can reduce the components of bullying and increase social competency and emotional intelligence. These results reveals the importance of applying emotional intelligence training on the improvement of social competency, emotional intelligence and students’ reduced level of bullying.

Introduction: Addiction is one of the main human problems in the recent years and one of the most complex humanistic phenomena. So, the present study aimed to assess the effect of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral method on behavioral activatoion system and behavioral inhibition system.   Materials and Methods: In this research, cases included 30 persons (experimental group: 15, control group: 15) selected among 186 substance abusers who referred to the clinics of Lamard city in 2015-16. The experimental group trained anger management skill through in 12 ninety-minute sessions. The results analyzed by covariance test.   Results: The results of single variable covariance analysis indicated that there is significant difference between two groups in brain-behavioral systems (P=0.001) and anger management training can enhance the function of brain-behavioral systems.   Conclusion: The results showed that anger management training can enhance function of brain-behavioral systems also it leads to reduced activation system and induced inhibition system.

Introduction: Addiction is one of the main human problems in the recent years and one of the most complex humanistic phenomena. So, the present study aimed to assess the effect of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral method on behavioral activatoion system and behavioral inhibition system.   Materials and Methods: In this research, cases included 30 persons (experimental group: 15, control group: 15) selected among 186 substance abusers who referred to the clinics of Lamard city in 2015-16. The experimental group trained anger management skill through in 12 ninety-minute sessions. The results analyzed by covariance test.   Results: The results of single variable covariance analysis indicated that there is significant difference between two groups in brain-behavioral systems (P=0.001) and anger management training can enhance the function of brain-behavioral systems.   Conclusion: The results showed that anger management training can enhance function of brain-behavioral systems also it leads to reduced activation system and induced inhibition system.

Introduction: One of the factors that cause maladjustment between couples is the lack of fulfillment of attachment needs and their limited expression of emotion. In other words, couples enter into their present relationship with their expectations and past experiences, which can play an important role in meeting their spouse’s needs. The purpose of the present study is to compile an educational package for enrichment of marital life based on emotional focused therapy (EFT) and thereby to investigate its efficacy on marital adjustment in newly-married couples.   Materials and Methods: The present study applied in the format of pre-test and post-test for the two groups of control and experimental. Thirty couples were selected purposefully among couples who referred to the counseling centers of Gorgan city. Then they were divided randomly to two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group participated in 8 three-hour sessions of group education. Data collected via Lock and Vallas (1995) questionnaire and analyzed based on covariance analysis.   Results: The results of the data analysis indicate that education based on EFT was more effective in couples’ marital adjustment for participants of experimental group than control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the effect of education of enrichment of marital life based on EFT was stable and no significant difference was identified between the averages of pre-test and post-hoc test stages.   Conclusion: Overall, the results approved the effective role of education enrichment of marital life based on EFT on increasing the marital adjustment in newly-married couples.

Introduction: Infertile women faced high emotional problems and psychological stress that affected their social adjustment and quality of life. In this study our main purpose is assessment of effectiveness of transdiagnostic integrated treatment to improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social adjustment among infertile women.   Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial 40 infertile women referring to family clinic of Shahid Beheshti University were selected and located in the experimental group (n= 20) and control group (n= 20). Participants in the experimental group (each 90 minutes) received transdiagnostic integrated treatment for 8 sessions. Collection tool data in this study was cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and social adjustment questionnaire, as well as Clinical Interview for Axis I and II disorders were used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive statistics methods.   Results: The findings showed that the treatment unified transdiagnostic significant effect on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social adjustment in infertile wome. This change of variables planning, positive evaluation, acceptance, and blaming the other, 0.35, 0.28, 0.56, 0.43 respectively. Also for compatibility variables at home, emotional adjustment and social adjustment changes made to the 0.53, 0.46, and 0.16, respectively.   Conclusion: The result of this study showed that transdiagnostic integrated treatment as an approach based on emotion and use the adaptive emotion regulation strategies in infertile women uses the different techniques, avoidance of emotional suppression, flexibility, psychological and social adjustment in infertile women to enhance mental acceptance.  

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare martial satisfaction and martial intimacy among employed and unemployed married woman students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz.   Materials and Methods: The statistical sample of this causal-comparative study concluded 246 married women (124 employed and 122 unemployed) of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, who were selected by the convenient sampling method. Research instruments were Enrich martial satisfaction questionnaire and Bagarozzi martial intimacy questionnaire. Data analyzed by two way ANOVA.   Results: The results showed that the differences between mean scores of martial satisfaction and marital intimacy among employed and unemployed women were significant (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Based on the results employed women had higher scores in martial satisfaction and marital intimacy compared to unemployed women.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare between resilience and life satisfaction in ordinary and prisoner women.   Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all of prisoner and normal women in Isfahan in the year of 2016. The sample of this research contains of 280 women (140 prisoners and 140 ordinary women) is who were selected with the convenient sampling. To collect the required data this study from Connor and Davidson resilience (2003) and Diener Life Satisfaction (1985) questionnaire were used. In this research the data were analyzed in descriptive and deductive (Pearson correlation and ANOVA) statistics by using SPSS-21 software.   Results: The findings indicated that negative emotions tolerate have significant relationship with life satisfaction in prisoner women, also subscales of control and personal competence have significant relationship with life satisfaction in ordinary women (P<0.05). The results of analysis of variance showed significant difference between the category of personal competence, negative emotions tolerate and positive change acceptance in prisoners and ordinary women (P<0.05). Finally, these findings showed significant difference between the mean score of component life satisfaction between the two groups of prisoners and ordinary women (P<0.05).    Conclusion: It seems that there are significant difference in personal competence, negative emotions tolerate, positive change acceptance and life satisfaction in prisoners and ordinary women.

Introduction: Wisdom is not a new concept that nowadays can be regarded as being technically advanced in the information age, but wisdom is also associated with an implicit concept of “antiquity” which is apparently beyond its own time, knowledge and culture. The presented study aimed to examine the concept of wisdom in adults using personality traits.   Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 1016 individuals using the convenient sampling method with age range of 18-71 years (519 women and 497 men). A researcher-made questionnaire including 206 personality traits was used for data collection and exploratory factor analysis was used for data analysis.   Results: Factor analysis indicated three effective factors: self-centeredness, intellectuality, philanthropy. The results obtained from the present study indicated that the mean value of 2.49 for the first factor is less than the mean values of 5.62 and 5.46 for intellectuality and philanthropy, respectively.   Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that wisdom is a multidimensional concept. In other words, wise people are also intellectual and philanthropic. In contrast, unwise people are those who are self-centered indicating traits associated with implacability.

Introduction: One of the main and important principles throughout the life is to search and maintain the relationship with the relatives, particularly the spouse. Despite the fact that multiple biological and psychogenic factors have been introduced as  the underlying elements in reducing women’s sexual desire, research trends in recent years have indicated that the impacts of psychogenic factors is more highlighted in the occurrence of such problem. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on cognitive behavioral intervention on women’s’ sexual self-efficacy and marital satisfaction.   Materials and Methods: This is interventional study with pre-test and post-test which consisted of 30 women referring to one of the psychological service centers in the city of Kashan in 2015-16. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. Data analyzed via descriptive and analytical statistics such as multi variables and single variable covariance using SPSS software.   Results: There was a significant difference between the cognitive-behavioral and control groups in sexual self-efficacy and marital satisfaction. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapy has increased sexual self-efficacy and marital satisfaction. According to the eta square, it can be said that 89.3% of changes in sexual self-efficacy and 93.7% of changes in marital satisfaction are due to the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (P< 0.001).   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that cognitive behavioral intervention with improved sexual self-efficacy and marital satisfaction can modify the couple’s relationship.

Introduction: One of the most important elements in the strength of marital relationship is to remember love permanently. The present study is mainly aimed to determine the relationship of emotional intelligence and attachment styles with Sternberg’s dimensions of love.   Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of couples referring to Binesh-e-Novin Counseling Center in order to participate in educational workshops among which 50 couples were selected using available sampling method. In order to collect data, Shoot’s emotional intelligence questionnaire, Hazen and Shaver’s attachment styles inventory, and Sternberg’s love triangle scale were used.   Results: The results indicated that there is a positive correlation between the factor of optimism/emotional regulation and intimacy, emotion and commitment, while there is no positive correlation between the factor attachment styles and dimensions of love. There is a negative relationship between age and the level of commitment and also between duration of marriage and emotion and commitment.   Conclusion: In general, the results of the study indicated that emotional intelligence is highly correlated with dimensions of love, so that the attachment styles cannot predict the aspects of love.  

Introduction: Single parent families have been recently increased. Due to the prevalence of divorce and increased single-parent families and those with no parents, the present study aimed to compare the mindfulness, behavioral inhibition and assertiveness skills among 15 year old boys of single parent families and those without parents in Gorgan city.   Materials and Methods: The statistical sample of this comparative descriptive study includes 76 15-year-old single-parent and parentless boys (40 single-parent and 36 parentless) in Gorgan city, who were randomly selected in the fall of 2016. They were selected and asked to answer the behavioral inhibition/activation systems scale questionnaires, Gambrill and Ritchie's assertiveness (1975), and mindfulness questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the method of multivariate analysis of variance.   Results: Overall, there is a difference between observation, and non-judgment, among the variable dimensions of mindfulness, assertiveness, and behavioral activation/behavioral inhibition in two groups of single-parent and non-parent boys according to one-way variance analysis. There is significance at the level (P< 0.001). Also, there is no significant difference in other areas of mental awareness, such as non-reaction, description, and action with awareness, in two groups of boys with single parents and without parents.   Conclusion: Due to the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that lack of two parent families can highly affect the cognitive and behavioral process of the individual’s growth, and even single parent family plays an undeniable role in such relationships.

Introduction: The purpose of the study is investigation of the relationship of emotional intelligence components with interpersonal conflicts on Birjand executive agencies’ financial staffs.   Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive study consisted of 178 financial staffs of Birjand executive agencies financial that 118 were considered as samples base on Morgan table. Research tools were questionnaires of emotional intelligence and interpersonal conflicts. SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient and Friedman ranking were used for data analysis.   Results: The results of the research showed that in ranking the components of emotional intelligence, management and emotional control is less important over the cognitive and emotional expression, the focused excitement on the identification, understanding and realization of outer emotions among the Birjand executive agencies’ financial staffs. Among the interpersonal conflicts factors, conflict with boss is more important over the conflict with subordinate and conflict with peers. There is a meaningful and positive relationship among the emotional intelligence factors in staffs. Also, there is a meaningful and positive relationship among the factors of interpersonal conflicts. There is also a meaningful relationship among the components of emotional intelligence with the factors of interpersonal conflict in staffs.   Conclusion: The results showed that there is relationship between organizational and interpersonal conflicts among staffs.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-differentiation training on the level of marital satisfaction among married female students in Izeh branch, Azad Islamic University.   Materials and Methods: The sample size of this research consisted of 50 participants who were selected using simple random sampling method and were assigned into the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25). Measuring tool was Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (1989). The experimental group attended in self-differentiation training program for 8 sessions. The results analyzed by covariance test and SPSS software.   Results: The results indicated that Self-differentiation training influences the level of marital satisfaction in married women (F=30.26, P≤0.01).   Conclusion: It seems that self-differentiation training can improve marital satisfaction among female students.

Introduction: Problem solving is a coping and practical skill that increases the person's reverence and it has a relation with his good adaptability. Based on high rate of disability in Iran and need to pay attention to it, this research tries to investigate the impact of problem solving skill on adaptability of physically disabled individuals.   Materials and Methods: This research conducted through pre test-past test model with control group. In this research, 30 phisically disabled individuals who attend in Gorgan Welfare Organization in 2016 were divided into two groups of control (15) and experimental (15) randomly. Research instrument included Social Adaptability Questionnaire. Data analyzed by covariance analysis.   Results: The results show that there is a significant difference between two groups in past test group. So problem solving skill has significant impact on adaptability of physically disabled individuals  (F= 941.54, P<0.001).   Conclusion: Based on the significant difference of adaptability between two groups of control and test, we conclude that problem solving skill increases the adaptability of physically disabled individuals.

Introduction: Eating disorders are considered as one of the worrying factors in public health at a rapidly increasing rate since the 1970s. The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of anger and perfectionism in relation between personality traits and eating disorders beliefs among high school students in Bajestan city.   Materials and Methods: In this correlational study, 210 girl high school students of Bajestan city (academic year of 2013-2014) randomly selected using cluster sampling method. In order to assess the variables of the study, Eating Attitudes Questionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Multidimensional Anger Scale and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were used.   Results: The results obtained from the present study indicated that there is a direct (positive) significant effect of the direct impact of personality on anger and perfectionism in modeling eating disorders beliefs. In addition, the anger has a positive significant impact on eating beliefs, whereas, there is no significant relationship (P>0.05) between perfectionism and eating beliefs. There is also positive significant relationship between “oral control of eating disorder and parental criticism” and perfectionism (P<0.05).   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that personality disorders can directly or indirectly explain the abnormal eating beliefs by mediating anger, not perfectionism.

  Introduction: The high prevalence of anxiety and depression in old age and reduction of psychological well-being in this period of life is very significant. The purpose of the present study was examining the effectiveness of cognitie treatment, based on the presence of mind on the psychological well-being and mental health among elderly individuals.   Materials and Methods: The statistical community of this clinical research with pre-test and post-test plan and the control group concluded all the elderly individuals of Babul city. Number of 20 cases (10: experimental group and 10: control group) were selected randomly. For collecting information, Ryff's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used. To analyze the data, two descriptive statistics and the inference statistics (the covariance) were used.    Results: The results showed that after applying the cognitive treatment based on the presence of mind, the psychological well-being was meaningfully increased.  Also all components including: positive emotions, negative emotions, stress-depression, neurosis, determination and happiness have been increased significantly. The mental health of elderly cases has been increased in experimental group (P<0.05).   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that cognitive treatment, based on the presence of mind is effective on the psychological well-being, mental health and mental health components among elderly individuals.

Introduction: This study aimed to prediction of marital adjustment based on attachment styles and coping strategies with stress in housewives.   Materials and Methods: This research conducted through descriptive and correlational method. Therefore, 300 housewives who were member of Dar Al-Quran of Qom province were studied by convenient sampling method. Data analyzed by correlational coefficient and regression.    Results: Results showed the positive and significant relationship between security attachment style and marital adjustment (0.536). No significant relationship has seen between avoidant attachment style and marital adjustment, and there is a significant and negative relationship between ambivalent attachment style and marital adjustment (-0.162).   Conclusion: It seems that secure attachment style can predict marital adjustment. In addition, there is a negative and significant relationship between ambivalent attachment style and marital adjustment otherwise avoidant attachment and coping strategies don’t have a significant relationship with marital adjustment.

Introduction: Cognitive-behavioral play therapy is combination of various play therapy techniques with cognitive-behavioral model to increase desirable behaviors and reduce harmful behaviors in children. The objective of the present research is studying the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on flexibility in aggressive children.   Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 aggressive children aged 6-9 years of Tehran were selected based on CSI-4 inventory and divided to test and control groups. Tool of research was computer form of Wisconsin test that was executed in both groups after receiving 10 therapy sessions for test group in pre-test and post-test steps.   Results: The results show that cognitive-behavioral group play therapy has significant effect on decreasing wrong responses and stopping mistakes and increasing correct responses.   Conclusion: It seems that cognitive-behavioral group play therapy increases flexibility in aggressive children.

Introduction: The present study was carried out to compare tendency of performing individual and group-based sports among students, in accordance with parenting styles and parents' psychological attachment and well being.   Materials and Methods: This was a causative-comparative study. Participants was all parents of elementary pupils at Isfahan city, region six, that have been referred to athletic clubs for doing special sports, besides passing physical education lecture and sport course at the school. A total of 120 subjects were selected via multistage cluster sampling method. The Hazan and Shiver attachment style questionnaire (1987), Baumrind parenting questionnaire (1989) and Ryff's psychological well being (1980) was used for collecting information. Data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software and multivariate variance analysis.   Results: The results of this study showed that there is neither significant difference in nor components of psychological well being with parents in tendency to group-based and individual sports (P>0.05). According to the results, there is a significant difference between parenting styles and attachment (safe attachment and assertive parenting style) in students tendency to individual and team sports (P<0.05).   Conclusion: It seems that parenting styles and attachment styles can impact on students' tendency to individual and team sports.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common psychosomatic disorders and the third most common cause of death in the world. Psychological factors play an important role in causing and exacerbating its symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of life and the therapeutic adherence and history of psychotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kashan city health centers. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes in Kashan and the sample size of this study was 165 patients in this city who were selected by convenient sampling. Research instruments were demographic form, adherence scale and short form of quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). Data analyzed through SPSS software version 20.   Results: The results indicate that there is no relationship between quality of life variable and demographic characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients but the history of drug therapy without psychotherapy has a significant and inverse relationship with quality of life. Also, the results of data analysis showed a direct and significant relationship between therapeutic adherence and quality of life.   Conclusion: The results showed the direct relationship between therapeutic adherence and quality of life and an inverse relationship between the history of non-psychotherapy and quality of life and a significant part of the success of treatment in the longtime depends on the adherence and the psychological aspects of the patient.

Introduction: Mental health is one of the development and advance components of every country and mental health is a state of psychological puberty. The current study aimed to examine mindfulness on mental health of derelict and unsupervised adolescents in Gorgan city.   Materials and Methods: The present study has been done on 30 derelict and unsupervised girls. Sampling was convenient among adolescents residing in well-being boarding centers. The experimental group received 8 two-hour sessions of mindfulness. Research instruments were mindfulness questionnaire and general health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by software SPSS-22 and by applying descriptive and inferential statistics (covariance analysis and Kolmogrove-Smirnov test). Results: Findings of the research showed that the effect of mindfulness on mental health is statistically significant (P=0.001) and increased awareness of mind increases mental health. Conclusion: Regarding findings of the research it can be stated that mindfulness had significant positive effect on mental health, also results of the research show that mindfulness had positive effect on reducing Physical symptoms, improving social activism and stopping the cycle of experiences and negative thoughts.

Introduction: Some occupations such as lifeguards are considered as stressful jobs because of the nature of the task that they do, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the training of the stress inoculation on state anxiety and performance of female lifeguards.   Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done with pretest-posttest design with control group. The population of this research was active female lifeguards aged 25-30 years old in Isfahan. Then 30 lifeguards were selected as convenient and purposeful from the intended community and were divided randomly in two groups. The experimental group attended in stress inoculation training class for six 90-minute sessions and ultimately post-test was performed for two groups and data were analyzed using covariance test.   Results: The results revealed that stress inoculation training has reduced cognitive and somatic anxiety, anxiety significantly and improved lifeguards ‘confidence and performance (P<0.001).   Conclusion: Stress inoculation has reduced cognitive and somatic anxiety, anxiety and improved confidence. Therefore, participating in stress inoculation training classes is recommended to reduce lifeguards’ stress.

Introduction: Conflicts, rejection, jealousy and couples resentment are factors that damage physical and mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of forgiveness therapy on conflicts and life quality of women who referred to the Aramesh counseling centers.   Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done in women referred to Aramesh counseling centers in 2015 and they had obtained the scores above 25 in the marital test. The sample size of 30 subjects (convenient method) selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 ninety minutes sessions of forgiveness therapy program. After intervention, the subjects' marital conflicts and quality of life were measured again. Analysis of data was performed by multivariate analysis test for differential scores and t-test.   Results: The results showed that forgiveness therapy had an impact on reducing women's marital conflicts and increasing life quality in general and this effect was significant (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Based on the results, forgiveness therapy can impact positively on marital conflicts and quality of life among women.

Introduction: The purpose of present study is to determine the relationship between the lifestyle and the commitment of married couples with the marital satisfaction in married women.   Materials and Methods: The research statistic society of this descriptive study included all women referred to several consultancy institutes in Mashhad, who had called on for receiving consulting services. Then 200 women among them were selected via convenient method.  Research instrument included the Enrich questionnaire of marital satisfaction (Enrich 1986), the marital commitment of Adams and Jones, and the questionnaire of health-improving lifestyle by Walkser (1990). Data analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson coefficient.   Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between lifestyle and the commitment of married couples with marital satisfaction among the married women (P<0.05).   Conclusion: The married couples can increase their marital satisfaction through shifting their life style to the correct style.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare martial satisfaction, marital adjustment and martial intimacy among employed and unemployed married woman students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz.   Materials and Methods: The statistical sample of this causal-comparative study concluded 246 married women (124 employed and 122 unemployed) of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, who were selected by convenient sampling. Research instruments were Enrich martial satisfaction questionnaire, Harmon Sink marital adjustment questionnaire and Bagarozzi martial intimacy questionnaire. Data analyzed by two way ANOVAs.   Results: The results showed that employed married students have more marital satisfaction than unemployed ones (P= 0.012; F=6.36). Also, they have more adjustment than unemployed married female students (P=0.005; F=7.85).   Conclusion: Employed married female students have more marital satisfaction and marital adjustment than unemployed ones but they have less emotional, intellectual, spiritual and aesthetical intimacy than unemployed married female students.

Introduction: This study compared the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy (ACT) with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on hemodialysis patients in terms of anxiety and depression.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, among the hemodialysis patients referred to Imam Khomeini in Shirvan and Imam Ali hospital in Bojnord, 42 hemodialysis patients were selected by convenient sampling method and they were randomly divided in three groups of ACT, MBCT and control (each group 14 people). ACT and MBCT groups were treated for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one weekly session). In this study, Beck anxiety and depression inventories were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance.   Results: The findings showed that both treatment methods were efficient on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients but the efficacy of ACT on the depression variable is greater than MBCT and efficiency of MBCT on anxiety variable is greater than the ACT.   Conclusion: It seems that Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are effective on hemodialysis patients in terms of anxiety and depression.  

Introduction: Acquiring the sequence of information without regard for learning is implicit learning. Many studies have shown implicit motor learning in Alzheimer’s patients, but the obtained results are not consistent about Parkinson’s patients.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, through convenient sampling method among elderly patients who referred to the offices of neurologists in city of Zabol (2016), 11 Parkinson's patients, 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease based in NINCDS_ADRDA criteria and 10 cases as control group (4 males and 6 females) were selected. Then MMSE test was used to test the psycho-cognitive status test and the Wechsler Adult IQ test was used to measure the level of intelligence and memory. Parkinson's Disease Staging and Scale (Hoehn & Yahr) was used for Parkinson's patients.   Results: The results for the percentage of errors in Parkinson's patients increased with a change from the fixed blocks to the random block, which indicates tacit learning, but this group of patients responded less tacitly to moving learning compared to other groups at a time.   Conclusion: The errors and the reaction time may indicate separate processes like spatial and motor components of motor-sequence that can be influenced differently in Parkinson and Alzheimer's patients.

Introduction: Addiction is one of the special issues for clinical psychologists and psychiatrists because it has many negative consequences for communities. The present study examined the teaching of EMDR technique on annoying memories and anxiety and worry in women members of Alanan Association of Gorgan city.   Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, 30 women of Alanan Association of Gorgan (2016) were selected by convenient method and divided into control and experimental groups. Data were collected using Raymond Bernard Cattle's Anxiety Inventory (CAQ), Pennsylvania Worrying (PSWQ) and Brequette's Annoying Memories. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics.   Results: Findings showed that EMDR was effective on anxiety and worry among women of Alanan Association (P<0.05) while it had not significant impact on annoying memories.   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that EMDR technique can impact on anxiety and worry among addict women.  

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of positive thinking training on life satisfaction and resilience in divorced women who are supported by Welfare Organization.   Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, the statistical population is comprised of all of the divorced women who were the heads of households and supported by Welfare Organization. Then 30 of these women were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 10 two-hour sessions of positive thinking skill training twice a week. A 25-item Connor-Davidson (CD-RIS) Resilience Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale and a 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) designed by Rakhir and Samani (2004) have been used as research instruments.   Results: Using a univariate analysis of covariance, the results indicated that positive thinking training has a significantly positive effect on the resilience of women as heads of households, but it does not have any significant effect on their life satisfaction (P>0.05).   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that positive thinking training has a significant effect on resilience, but it did not impact on life satisfaction significantly but the method used in the present study can be considered as a proper method for psychological, therapeutic and consulting interventions.

Introduction: Spiritual curriculum means the induction of health through content and training programs. Such kind of curriculum, in addition to rational rising of students, provides them with a deeper and more productive feeling. This research aimed to design an optimal pattern of spiritual curriculum for social studies in primary school and evaluate from the perspective of specialists and relevant teacher.   Materials and Methods: In this research, firstly, regarding the theoretical foundations of the research subject, the optimal characteristics of four elements (goal, content, implementation and evaluation) are identified in the social studies curriculum and the model is presented. The study population consisted of all primary school teachers and curriculum specialists of Gilan province (consisting of 45 specialists and 8641 teachers) during the academic years of 2016-2017, meanwhile; all of the curriculum specialists were selected by using census sampling method and 360 primary school teachers were selected by using random sampling. The data collecting tool consisted of Self-made questionnaire whose validity was approved by curriculum specialists, in addition; its reliability was approved by Cronbach's alpha (0.86). Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.   Results: the results showed that the proposed model for spiritual curriculum in social studies has been satisfactory from the perspective of curriculum specialists and primary school teachers. Also, there was not a significant difference (P>0.05) between these two views on the desirability of the proposed model.   Conclusion: Based on the results, we can use this model in social studies for growing spirituality of students in primary school.

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and lack of tolerance of uncertainty in patients with hypertension.   Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this clinical study consisted of all patients with hypertension who had been extracted from Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babul during the three months from September to November 2013. Among them, 32 patients were selected using non-random sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected through Beck Anxiety Scale and Uncertainty Tolerance Questionnaire. Covariance analysis was used to compare the mean scores of experimental and control groups.   Results: The results of the covariance test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduced anxiety and lack of tolerance of uncertainty in the experimental group significantly (P<0.05).   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that the use of mindfulness-based therapies can have a direct effect on reducing anxiety and lack of tolerance uncertainty in patients with hypertention.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between comparing maladaptive schemas, high risk behaviors and optimism in students using social network in students of with divorced and ordinary families in Gorgan city.   Materials and Methods: In this research, 120 students from Islamic Azad University of Gorgan were studying during the academic years of 2015-2017 selected through convenient method. Data gathered by a researcher-made 7 demographic questionnaire, Yang's short form questionnaire, high-risk behaviors questionnaire, and Sheer and Carver optimism questionnaire.   Results: Findings showed that the mean scores of optimism and high risk behaviors in divorced group were lower than ordinary group (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Regarding the results in ordinary families, optimism acts as an effective variable in reducing the use of social networks, while in the other group this factor is ineffective. Also, there is a significant relationship between the amount and time of use of virtual networks in the two groups of students. Therefore, due to the variety of variables, the more amount and time of using social networks, the group also shifts to divorced group.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-concept and positive feeling to spouse with the marital satisfaction in married women.   Materials and Methods: This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population were about 1700 married women in Education Department of Bojnord city in 2015-2016. 313 cases were selected through simple random sampling. The research tool in this study included Beck self-concept questionnaire (1978), Positive Feelings Questionnaire (1975) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Multi-variables regression test with stepwise method and one-variable regression test were used to analyze data.   Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between self-concept and positive feeling to spouse with the marital satisfaction. Also, there was a relationship between self-concept and marital satisfaction and the same relationship was seen between positive feeling to spouse with the marital satisfaction.   Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that self-concept and positive feeling to spouse can affect on marital satisfaction.

Introduction: The tension of war on veterans' children can be endangering the identity formation and growth, especially teenage girls. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical analysis among 12-14 years aged children in Shahed and ordinary groups.   Materials and Methods: The population of this causal-comparative study included 60 girl students in the first to third grades of median school during academic year of 2014-15 in Shahed families and matched ordinary girls. The samples selected via randomized cluster sampling. All girls evaluated through drawing of house-tree-person test.   Results: The results showed that the indexes of house-tree-person graphic drawings are higher among Shahed children compared to ordinary children such as anxiety, depression, impulsivity and lack of adaption but in the scale of low self-esteem, anger and relationship problems, there are no significant differences between two groups.   Conclusion: The results showed that the indexes of house-tree-person graphic drawings are higher among Shahed children compared to ordinary children.