مقایسه ابعاد نظریه ذهن و بازشناسی هیجان در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم و اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Associate professor of clinical psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 MA. in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch, Neyshabur, Iran

چکیده

مقدمه: اختلال طیف اتیسم و اختلال نقص توجه- بیش­فعالی (ADHD) با نقایص شناختی و اجتماعی همراه می­باشند. هدف عمده مطالعه حاضر مقایسه توانایی نظریه ذهن و بازشناسی هیجان در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم و ADHD بود.
روش کار: روش پژوهش از نوع علی- مقایسه­ای بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به ADHD و اختلال­ طیف اوتیسم با عملکرد بالا در مدارس و کلینیک­های خدمات روا­ن­شناختی و مشاوره مناطق هفت گانه آموزش و پرورش مشهد طی 4 ماه نخست سال 1396 بود. نمونه شامل 85 کودک و نوجوان (42 نفر مبتلا به اختلال­های طیف اتیسم و 43 نفر مبتلا به ADHD) بود که به روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. شرکت­کنندگان آزمون ذهن­خوانی از طریق تصویر چشم، آزمون باور کاذب سالی- ان و آزمون بازشناسی هیجان چهره را تکمیل نمودند. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره تحلیل شدند.
یافته­ها: یافته­ها نشان داد که گروه مبتلا به ADHD نسبت به گروه مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم در جنبه شناختی و عاطفی نظریه ذهن  (001/0=P) و خرده­مقیاس­های حالات مثبت (001/0=P)، حالات منفی (04/0=P) و حالات خنثی (03/0=P) نمرات بالاتری به دست آوردند. گروه مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم نمرات بالاتری در هیجان ترس کسب نمودند (007/0P=).
نتیجه­گیری: یافته­های این پژوهش نشان­دهنده نقصان بالای شناخت اجتماعی در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم و لزوم آموزش مهارت­های بازشناسی حالات ذهنی جهت ارتقای توانمندی­های اجتماعی و بهبود تعاملات اجتماعی به این دسته از کودکان و نوجوانان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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مجله اصول بهداشت روانی
دوره 22، شماره 2
بهمن و اسفند 1398
صفحه 129-138

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